Class notes
Class Notes Biology Unit 1
- Course
- Biology
- Institution
- 12th Grade
Unit 1 of Biology. Simple, easy notes.
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Unit 1 NotesChapter 1.1 - 1.7
Carbs (i.e Glucose)
Alpha and Beta Glucose: Isomers - same formula, different arrangements.
Unit 1 Notes 1
, Monosaccharides: like glucose (primary source of energy to produce ATP)
Polymers: small number of monomers (disaccharides like maltose)
Oligosaccharide: (50 and more)
Two Polysaccharides
Storage Polysaccharides
Glycogen (storage in animals)
Amylose and Amylopectin (Amylose: straight chain with 1-4 glycosidic bonds,
Amylopectin: 1-6 glycosidic bonds, causing branching)
Glucose: Repeating monomers of amylase and amylopectin
Structure
Cellulose: 1-4 beta glycosidic bonds, alternating up and down orientations.
Humans cannot break down these bonds. Animals like cows have a symbiotic
relationship with bacteria that break the bonds.
Lipids (fats)
Functions
Energy storage
Maintains body temperature (insulation)
Cushions and protects organs
Send messages as hormones
Form part of the cell membranes
Stores vitamins (A, D, E, K) and minerals
Dissolves certain substances (non-polar)
Keeps skin moist
Unit 1 Notes 2
, Triglyceride
No monomers. Basic subunits, one glycerol, and fatty acid. Variable lengths =
not monomers.
Making Glyceride (Esterification)
Phospholipids
Remove a fatty acid, replace with a polar phosphate group
A polar head (phosphate) and two non-polar tails (two remaining fatty acids)
Sterols
Class of lipids that are:
Ring-like and contain cholesterol (Sex hormones)
Messengers (e.g testosterone, pogprogesterone).
Unit 1 Notes 3
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