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BIO 106 Final Exam Study Guide Questions and Answers well Explained Latest 2024/2025 Update 100% Correct.
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Who gets harmed, who benefits in each type of interaction? - • Mutualism (prey and predatory benefit from interaction) • Consumption (one benefits and one is harmed by interaction. Includes: predation, parasitism, herbivory) • Competition (both are harmed by interaction - but one harmed m...

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  • September 8, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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BIO 106 Final Exam Study Guide
Who gets harmed, who benefits in each type of interaction? - • Mutualism (prey and predatory
benefit from interaction)

• Consumption (one benefits and one is harmed by interaction. Includes: predation, parasitism,
herbivory)

• Competition (both are harmed by interaction - but one harmed more than the other)



What is "facilitation" and how does it play out over time? - Facilitation: an interaction in which
one species has a positive effect on the survival and reproduction of another species without the
intimate association of symbiosis



Thinking about the nutrient cycles learned in the Ecology lectures, what are the key nutrients? -
Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorous



From which reservoir do plants obtain each these nutrients? Where/how do animals obtain these
nutrients? - Carbon - reservoir - fossil fuels, soils, sediments of aquatic ecosystems, oceans, plant
and animal biomass, the atmosphere (photosynthesis)



Nitrogen - reservoir - 78% atmosphere, soils and sediments of lake rivers and oceans, surface and ground
water, biomass of living organisms (roots)



Phosphorus - reservoir - sedimentary rocks of marine organ, soil, ocean (dissolved form, in organisms (in
body)



Which macromolecules are key components of the diet (the ones you tested for in Lab 9)? (You don't
have to know the tests themselves) - 1. Sugars

2. Starch

3. Protein

4. Lipids

, What are the relationships between type of diet and features of the digestive tract in mammals? (Review
animal module labs for this). - Carnivores - small Cecum, short intestinal length



Herbivores - large cecum, long intestinal length



Omnivores - combination of the above



Surface area to volume ratio - related high surface area to volume ratios to movement of molecules.
Identify systems that utilize this to efficient transfer. - The respiratory system/ tracheal system
uses this ration because the larger the surface area to volume ration the easier it is to diffuse through



Circulation of gases and nutrients in animals. Know the basic path of the circulatory system and the
direction of net movement of these key molecules. - Two types of circulation

-open and closed



Open (hemolymph)

- gas exchange is not tied to hemolymph aka blood

(spiracles and trachea)



Closed

-arteries away

-Viens toward

-capillary branch and capillary beds converge into veins




Single Circulation (Atrium - ventricle - artery - capillary bed in gills - capillary bed in body tissues - veins -
ventricle -atrium)



Double Circulation (RA-RV-Capillary in lungs- Vein to heart - LA-LV - artery to body tissues - capillary beds
in body tissues - veins back to the heart -RA)

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