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Cardiovascular - Barron's CCRN Questions and Answers well Explained Latest 2024/2025 Update 100% Correct.
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etiology of aneurysms - arteriosclerosis HTN smoking/obesity bacterial infections congenital defects Trauma Marfan's syndrome (connective tissue disorder) what other defect can cause systolic murmurs? - ventricular septal defect (heard on the left sternal border) relievers for Unstable ang...

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  • September 8, 2024
  • 21
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • cardiovascular barrons ccrn

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  • Cardiovascular - Barron's CCRN
  • Cardiovascular - Barron's CCRN

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Cardiovascular - Barron's CCRN
etiology of aneurysms - arteriosclerosis

HTN

smoking/obesity

bacterial infections

congenital defects

Trauma

Marfan's syndrome (connective tissue disorder)



what other defect can cause systolic murmurs? - ventricular septal defect (heard on the left
sternal border)



relievers for Unstable angina? what do labs look like? ECG? - Nitroglycerin. Troponin negative. ST
depression or T wave inversion.



what does a decrease in systolic pressure mean if diastolic doesn't change? - This = narrowing
pulse pressure. Seen often with severe hypovolemia or a severe drop in Cardiac output.



S3 occurs where and when? - heard best at the apex of the heart right after S2



what is S3? - rapid rush of blood into a dilated ventricle



what is S4? - atrial constriction of blood into a non-compliant ventricle



Where and when does S4 occur? - Best heard over the apex with the bell right before S1



Pericardial friction rub is associated with what? - Pain during deep inspiration and positional pain

,Pulse pressure equation - systolic - diastolic = pulse pressure



normal pulse pressure values - 40-60



systolic BP represents what? - Cardiac output and stroke volume



diastolic BP represents what? - Systemic vascular resistance (SVR)



what does a decrease in diastolic BP mean? - this = widening pulse pressure. May indicate
vasodilation, severe sepsis, septic shock.



time ratio for systolic vs. diastolic - 1.0/1.33



what is perfused during diastole? - Coronary arteries



causes of valvular heart disease - - coronary heart disease

- dilated cardiomyopathy

- Degeneration

- Bicuspid aortic valve

- Rheumatic fever

- Infection

- Connective tissue diseases



murmurs of insufficiency are? - regurgitation when the valve is close



murmurs of stenosis are? - regurgitation when the valve is open



are these murmurs acute or chronic? - Stenosis = chronic

, Insufficiency = acute or chronic



systolic murmurs sound like what? - lub...shhhhh...dub



what is S3 associated with? - Heart failure, Pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale, and
mitral/aortic/tricuspid insufficiency



what are the valves doing during a systolic murmur? - aortic and pulmonic valve stenosis (they are
open)

Mitral and tricuspid insufficiency (they are closed)



how does a mitral valve insufficiency show up on a pulmonary artery catheter? - giant v waves




what do diastolic murmurs sound like? - lub...dub...shhhhh



what are the valves doing during diastolic murmurs? - aortic/pulmonic insufficiency (closed)

Mitral/Tricuspid stenosis (open)



mitral valve stenosis is particularly associated with what? - atrial fibrillation due to atrial
enlargement



grades of acute MI - grade 1/2 -- papillary muscle dysfunction

grade 5/6 -- papillary muscle rupture (emergency)



unstable angina = - chest pain at rest, unpredictable



NSTEMI labs? ECG? Relievers? - troponin positive. ST depression or T wave inversion. Unrelenting
pain.

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