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PNM300 Test 2 Latest Updated @2024-2025
Drugs of choice for EARLY treatment of HF? - Answer > ACE inhibs
> ARBs
> BBs; ie. bisoprolol, extended-release metoprolol tartrate, carvedilol
> Loop D. ie. furesemide
> Aldosterone inhibs ie. spirinolactone = as HF progresses.
Class I HF - Answer No limitation of physical activity
Class II HF - Answer regular activity results in fatigue, dyspnea or other symptoms
Class III HF - Answer marked limitation of physical activity
Class IV HF - Answer Symptoms @ rest or w/ no activity at all.
inotropic - Answer drugs that affect contractility
dromotropic - Answer drugs that affect the conduction of electrical impulses through
the heart
chronotropic - Answer drugs that affect the heart rate
Adverse effects of Inotropic drugs: early signs - Answer -nausea
-vomiting
-anorexia
Adverse effects of inotropic drugs: late signs - Answer -arrhythmias
-AV heart block
-blurry yellow vision
-HYPERkalemia
what drug class is Digoxin (Lanoxin)? - Answer cardiac glycoside
Digoxin antidote - Answer Digoxin immune Fab (Digibind)
T/F: Assess apical + radial pulses for a full minute before giving a BB or Digoxin for HF? -
Answer True.
, why should a pt avoid taking high fibre foods (ie. Bran) when taking digoxin? - Answer
b/c fibre ie.bran binds to digoxin; lowers digoxin levels
what should you do if the (adult) pts HR is less than 60 or greater than 100 before being
given the HF drug? - Answer hold the dose & notify the prescriber.
effect of HYPOkalemia w/ digoxin? - Answer increases risk of toxicity
treatment for HYPERkalemia associated w/ digoxin toxicity? - Answer B.I.G.K
- sodium BICARBONATE infusion
- INSULIN infusion
- GLUCOSE/dextrose infusion
- KAYEXELATE
drug of choice for digitalis-induced arrhythmia?
**HINT: an antiepileptic - Answer Phenytoin (Dilantin)= antiepileptic
Positive inotropic drug classes? - Answer Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
Cardiac glycosides
B-type natriuretic peptides
Work by inhibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase - Answer phosphodiesterase
inhibitors
phosphodiestrase inhibitor available in canada - Answer milrinone (injectable)
negative chronotropic effect - Answer decreases heart rate
Negative dromotropic effect - Answer decreased automaticity at SA node, decreased
AV nodal conduction..
what drug class do heparin and warfarin belong to? - Answer anticoagulants
acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) & clopidrogel (plavix) are? - Answer antiplatelet drugs
"-ASE"
ie. Streptokinase, urokinase, alteplase - Answer thrombolytic drugs
desmopressin, tranexamic acid (cyklokapron) are? - Answer antifibrinolytic
(hemostatic) drugs
which drug class inhibit the action/formation of clotting factors? - Answer
anticoagulants
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