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NU 214-1 MEDICATION CLASSIFICATIONS; ANALGESICS MASON EXAM
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NU 214-1 MEDICATION CLASSIFICATIONS;ANALGESICS MASON EXAM
Analgesics are commonly called.. - ANSWER "Pain killers"
Analgesics are medications that relieve pain without... - ANSWER Causing a loss
of consciousness
Name some sub-classes of Analgesics. - ANSWER -Opioid Analgesics. (Narcotics)
-Non-Opioid Analgesics
-NSAIDS
-Salicylates
Pain is whatever... - ANSWER The patient says it is (typically on a 1-10 scale)
*subjective
Pain is a _____________ and _____________ experience. - ANSWER Personal;
individual
*unpleasant sensory and emotional experiences associated with actual or no tissue
damage
Name some ways pain can be classified by duration. - ANSWER -Acute
-Chronic
What is acute pain? - ANSWER Sudden onset; usually subsides once treated
*may be treated with meds or alternatives like ice or heat
What is chronic pain? - ANSWER Persistent or reoccurring pain lasting 3-6+
months; often difficult to treat because it's reoccurring
,*may use medicinal or non-medicinal
Name some ways pain can be classified by location. - ANSWER -Somatic
-Visceral
-Superficial
-Referred
-Neuropathic
-Phantom
What somatic pain? - ANSWER Pain that is with a musculoskeletal issue (muscle
and bones)
What is Visceral pain? - ANSWER Pain in the organs (stomach, epigastric, kidney
stones, etc.)
What is Superficial pain? - ANSWER Pain on the skin or mucous membranes
(cuts, bruises, often visible)
What is referred pain? - ANSWER Pain that's causing issues/pain in another
unaffected area (like a kidney infection causing shoulder pain)
What is neuropathic pain? - ANSWER Pain that results from the disturbance of
function or pathologic change in a nerve (often in diabetics; diabetic neuropathy)
What is phantom pain? - ANSWER When an extremity has been removed,
surgically or traumatically, and the pt "feels" pain in it when it's not there
What is the difference between pain threshold and pain tolerance? - ANSWER
*Pain Threshold:* the level of stimulus needed to produce the perception of pain;
physiologic (physical) response
*Pain Tolerance:* The amount of pain a person can endure *without* it interfering
with normal function; physiological & subjective
*Pain tolerances vary person-to-person; attitude, environmental, cultural effects
and more can affect it, it can even be a learned characteristic
When speaking of pain transmission, what is the most commonly accepted theory
, regarding how it happens? - ANSWER The Gate theory
What is the Gate Theory? - ANSWER The Gate Theory uses the analogy of a gate
to describe how the impulses from damaged tissue are sensed in the brain
Pain Transmission: Gate Theory
What must happen first to initiate the Gate Theory? - ANSWER Tissue Damage
Pain Transmission: Gate Theory
When tissue is damaged, name some of the chemicals that may be released
beginning the pain process. - ANSWER -Bradykinins
-Histamines
-Potassium
-Prostaglandins
-Serotonin
Pain Transmission: Gate Theory
These chemicals released as a result of tissue damage then stimulate what? -
ANSWER Sensory nerve fibers called *nociceptors* at the nerve endings
Pain Transmission: Gate Theory
Where do these pain fibre impulses travel? - ANSWER Up the spinal cord and to
the brain
Pain Transmission: Gate Theory
Pain is reported at the "gate." What is the "gate"? - ANSWER The dorsal horn of
the spinal cord
Pain Transmission: Gate Theory
The "gate" ___________ the flow of sensory impulses to the brain. - ANSWER
Regulates
Pain Transmission: Gate Theory
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