Class notes
Class notes for CPPS 302
- Course
- CPPS 302
- Institution
- University Of Saskatchewan (USask )
A "back to the basics" guideline of key information required to fully understand all material related to the muscular system.
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Human Physiology Transport SystemsMuscular System Basics Overview
Primary Function: Chemical Energy Mechanical Energy
Done by:
1.) Equilibrium: Posture/no movement
2.) Force: Change in velocity of muscle shortening (F=ma)
3.) Work: Displacement in direction of force (w=Fs)
4.) Transport: Circulation, digestion (contraction, relaxation)
5.) Heat production: body temp. regulation (shivering reflex)
General Properties
1.) Nucleated cells
2.) Contractability (voluntary/involuntary)
3.) Pacemaker Capacity: capable of generating action potentials that initiate muscle
contraction
- Modulated (NOT initiated) by ANS
Special Properties
1.) Excitability – producing action potentials in response to stimuli
2.) Contractability – action potentials forceful contractions
- Muscle contraction = change in velocity of muscle shortening = force =
movement
- The greater the change in velocity of muscle fiber shortening = greater
contraction force (F=ma)
3.) Extensibility – stretch with no damage
- Connective tissues keep contractile range with no damage
- Too much or too little overlap of thick and think filaments in resting muscle =
decreased tension
4.) Elasticity – return to original length/shape after contraction/extension
- Titin: accessory protein, from Z disk to M line, stabilizes myosin
5.) Adaptability – adults = post mitotic muscle fibres have little turnover
- Hypertrophy: muscle growth through exercise (muscle plasticity)
- Atrophy : muscle degradation
Skeletal Muscle Plasticity Properties
1.) Force of contraction
2.) Contraction speed
3.) Endurance
4.) Oxidative/glycolytic capacity
a. Amount of energy reserved in muscles
b. Rate of energy consumption
c. Rate of energy production
d. Size of muscle
e. Velocity of muscle shortening
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