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MIBO 3500 Final UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
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MIBO 3500 Final UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers millimeter (mm) - CORREC6T ANSWER 10^-3 micrometer (um) - CORREC6T ANSWER 10^-6 nanometer - CORREC6T ANSWER 10^-9 Microbes - CORREC6T ANSWER Organisms and acellular agents too small to be seen by the unaided eye

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  • September 13, 2024
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MIBO 3500 Final UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
millimeter (mm) - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ 10^-3



micrometer (um) - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ 10^-6



nanometer - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ 10^-9



Microbes - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ Organisms and acellular agents too small to be seen
by the unaided eye


Robert Hooke - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ made first compound microscope, coined the
term "cell"


Antoine van Leeuwenhoek - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ built single-lens magnifier, first to
observe single-felled microbes


Francesco Redi - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ meat and maggots research, disproved theory
that microbes spontaneously generated


Lazzaro Spallanzani - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ also disproved the spontaneous
generation theory, used broth covered and uncovered


Louis Pasteur - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ proposed the germ theory of disease, idea that
the transmission of microbes is what causes disease, also used Swan neck flasks and broth to
disprove spontaneous generation


germ theory of disease - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ idea that infectious diseases are
caused by microorganisms, important features: transmission, pure culture, colonies

,Robert Koch - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ Father of microbiology, four postulates to
establish link between specific microbe and a disease


Koch's first postulate - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ Microorganism must be present in
every case of the disease and absent from healthy organisms


Koch's Second Postulate - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ Microbe must be isolated and grown
in pure culture


Koch's Third Postulate - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ Same disease must result when
organism is inoculated in healthy host


Koch's Fourth Postulate - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ Same microorganism must be
isolated from 2nd diseases host


Limitations of Koch's Postulates - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ Some have immunity, some
illnesses have multiple causes/strains, and, since you can't inoculate humans, a disease that
only affects humans would be difficult to test


Lady Montagu - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ Introduces smallpox inoculation in 1717



Edward Jenner - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ Smallpox vaccine (furthers Lady Montagu's
work)


Florence Nightingale - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ Used medical statistics to demonstrate
the significance of mortality due to disease during the Crimean War


Alexander Fleming - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ discovered penicillin



Howard Florey and Ernst Chain - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ Purified penicillin



Sergei Winogradsky - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ Discovered lithotrophs, developed
enrichment cultures, and built the Winogradsky column

,Detection - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ The ability to determine the presence of an object



Magnification - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ An increase in the apparent size of an image



Resolution - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ Ability of a microscope to distinguish two objects
as separate


light microscope - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ -bright-field
-dark field
-phase contrast
-fluorescence


compound microscope - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ A light microscope that has more than
one lens


bright-field microscopy - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ Ocular lens (10x), condenser,
objective lens, total magnification is equal to the product of the ocular lens magnification
times the objective lens, can see microbes but can't tell much about sample


Limitations of bright-field microscopy - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ -0.2 um between
objects is best a bright-field microscope can resolve
-staining can kill cells
-refraction reduces resolving power (immersion oil as a remedy)
-LITTLE DIFFERENCE IN COLOR INTENSITY BETWEEN SAMPLE AND
BACKGROUND for low contrast


dark-field microscopy - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ Microbes visualized as halos of bright
light against darkness
Allows detection of narrow cells (.1 um) unresolved in bright-field with a good contrasting
image

, Limitations of dark-field microscopy - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ -dust particles can be
mistaken as objects
-light shines at an oblique angle
-only light scattered by sample reaches objective


phase-contrast microscopy - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ Allows refractive differences in
cell components to be transformed into differences in light intensity (allows you to see
internal components)


Fluorescence microscopy - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ For specimens with added dye or
naturally photosynthetic microbes


Fluorophores - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ Chemical compounds that absorb/emit light of
specific wavelengths; can be a dye or protein


Fixation - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ Heat and chemicals retain morphology but inactivate
enzymes


basic dyes - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ Positively charged
- examples: methylene blue, crystal violet, and safranin
- often used in the surface of a cell


RED after staining


acidic dyes - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ Negatively charged
- examples: eosin, rose bengal
- used on positively charged samples


BLUE after staining


simple staining - CORREC6T ANSWER✔✔✔ color added to specimen

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