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NURS 231 Module 3 Exam. 1
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NURS 231 Module 3 Exam. 1
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NURS 231 Module 3 Examinnate immunity - ANSWER: "natural immunity" the first line of defense, in place
before an infection takes place and can function immediately. Responds to a broad
range of pathogens.
innate immunity is comprised of: - ANSWER: physical
chemical
molecular
How is the skin a barrier to disease? - ANSWER: skins design makes it a strong
physical barrier, It has closely packed cells in multiple layers that are continuously
being shed. Keratin covers the skin, which creates a salty and acidic environment
inhospitable to most microbes, it also contains antimicrobial proteins and lysosomes
that inhibit microorganisms and help destroy them
what cells are involved in innate immunity: - ANSWER: neutrophils, macrophages,
dendritic cells (DC), natural killer (NK) cells, and intraepithelial lymphocytes.
neutrophil - ANSWER: granulocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow, most
abundant WBC and is an early responder in innate immunity and uses phagocytosis
to kill microbes
eosinophils - ANSWER: granulocytes that become active in parasitic and allergic
reactions -> produces histamine
Basophils - ANSWER: A circulating leukocyte that produces histamine. play roles in
parasitic and allergic reactions
Monocytes - ANSWER: an agranulocytes that's is largest in size, released from bone
marrow and mature into macrophages and dendritic cells, where they engage in the
inflammatory response and phagocytize foreign substances and cellular debris
macrophages - ANSWER: longer life span, reside in tissues and are the first
phagocyte that organisms encounter -> neutrophils and macrophages work together
on behalf of host initial defense system
natural killer and intraepithelial cells - ANSWER: both involved in innate immunity
response. NK cells can spontaneously kill target organisms, they can kill some types
of tumor or infected cells without previous exposure to surface antigen -> they also
limit the spread of infection and assist in development of adaptive immune
responses through cytokine production -> NK cells help w/dendritic cell maturation
and innate immune control of infections
, dendritic cells - ANSWER: found as immature cells in lymphoid tissue -> capture
foreign agents and transfer them to peripheral lymphoid organs -> function as key
antigen presenting cells capable of initiating adaptive immunity
adaptive immunity - ANSWER: "acquired immunity" second line of defense and
includes both humoral and cellular mechanisms that respond to cell specific
substances (antigens)
- acquired through previous exposure to infection and other foreign agents/ it can
distinguish self from non self as well as recognize and destroy specific foreign agents
antigens - ANSWER: present on the surface of pathogens or other foreign substances
that elicit adaptive immune response
antigen presenting cells - ANSWER: dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells
process complex antigens into epitopes and present them on their cell surface -> this
activates the appropriate lymphocytes
regulatory cells- control immune response
effector cells- eliminate antigen
lymphocytes - ANSWER: derived from lymphoid stem cell line in bone marrow ->
primary cells of adaptive immune responses
B lymphocytes- produce antibodies
T lymphocytes- provide cell-mediated immunity
B and T lymphocytes role in immunity - ANSWER: B and T lymphocytes have unique
function as only cells to recognize specific antigens present on the surface of
pathogens and to remember them in the future
primary cells of adaptive immunity - ANSWER: lymphocytes, APCs, and effector cells
humoral immunity - ANSWER: B lymphocytes that have been specifically selected to
neutralize the antigen at hand.
Immunglobins - ANSWER: antibodies are protein molecules commonly referred to as
immunglobin
IgG - ANSWER: antiviral, antibacterial, and antitoxin -> present in all body fluid/
passes immune factors from the mother to the fetus through placenta (most
abundant)
IgA - ANSWER: secretory Ig found in mucosal secretions (saliva, tears, sweat,
colostrum, bronchial, GI, prostatic, and vaginal) -> prevent virus and bacteria
attachments onto epithelial tissue
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