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Nursing 323 Exam 3 Practice Questions and Correct Answers
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A) what is acute pancreatitis? B) during pancreatitis, pancreatic enzymes in the pancreas cause what 2 things? a) inflammation of the pancreas B) 1) autodigestion 2) severe pain *causes (etiology) of acute pancreatitis* A) what are the 4 causes of acute pancreatitis? a) 1) gallbladder disease (fo...

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  • September 13, 2024
  • 65
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • nursing 323 exam 3 practice questions and correct
  • a what is acute pancreatitis b during pancreati
  • a what are the 4 causes of acute pancreatitis a

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Nursing 323 Exam 3 Practice Questions
and Correct Answers
A) what is acute pancreatitis?
B) during pancreatitis, pancreatic enzymes in the pancreas cause what 2 things? ✅a)
inflammation of the pancreas
B)
1) autodigestion
2) severe pain

*causes (etiology) of acute pancreatitis*

A) what are the 4 causes of acute pancreatitis? ✅a)
1) gallbladder disease (for females)

2) chronic alcohol intake (for males)

3) smoking

4) hypertriglyceridemia (triglycerides over 1000)

*pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis*

A) what are the steps of the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis? ✅a)
1) etiologic factors (like alcoholism, trauma, infection, drugs, etc...)

2) activations of pancreatic enzymes and injury to pancreatic cells

3) autodigestive effects of pancreatic enzymes:
- *trypsin* will cause edema, necrosis, hemorrhage
- *elastase* will cause hemorrhage
- *phospholipase a and lipase* will cause fat necrosis
- *kallikrein* will cause edema, vascular permeability, smooth muscle contraction, shock

*clinical manifestation of acute pancreatitis*

A) what are the 5 clinical manifestations of acute pancreatitis? ✅a)
1) abdominal pain (predominant symptom!)
- left upper quadrant or mid-epigastrium pain
- pain that radiates to back
- sudden onset of pain
- deep, piercing, continuous or steady

,- aggravated by eating

2) abdominal tenderness and muscle guarding

3) decreased or absent bowel sounds

4) crackles in lungs

5) abdominal skill discoloration
- grey turner's spots (bluish discoloration around the patient's sides and on his flank)
- cullen's sign (near the naval region of the stomach, near the belly button)

*complications of acute pancreatitis*

A) what are the 2 complications of acute pancreatitis? ✅a)
1) pseudocysts: fluid, enzymes, debris, and exudate surrounded by a wall (can rupture
and require drainage or surgical intervention)

2) pancreatic abscess: infected pseudocyst because of extensive necrosis

*diagnostic tests of acute pancreatitis*

A) what are 2 diagnostic tests for acute pancreatitis? ✅a)
1) labs (primary test)
- serum amylase levels → will be elevated
- serum lipase levels → will be elevated
- elevated glucose
- decreased calcium (will see tetany)

2) ultrasound or ct scan (radiology studies)

*interprofessional care/nursing interventions for acute pancreatitis*

A) what are the 8 nursing interventions to help patients with acute pancreatitis?

B) what are 3 positioning interventions we can help with pain management? ✅a)
1) relief of pain!!! (promote good pain control)
2) prevention or alleviation of shock
3) decrease pancreatic secretions (put them on npo)
4) correction of fluid/electrolyte imbalance
5) prevention/treatment of infections
6) removal of the precipitating cause
7) frequent oral/nasal care
8) proper administration of antacids

B)

,1) morphine
2) flex trunk and draw knees to abdomen
3) side-lying with head of bed elevated 45 degrees

*medical interventions for acute pancreatitis*

A) what are 5 pharmacological interventions for acute pancreatitis? Describe them!!!
✅1) iv morphine
- pain relief

2) antispasmodics (like dicyclomine)
- decrease vagal stimulation, motility, and pancreatic outflow

3) carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (like acetazolamide)
- decrease volume and bicarbonate concentration of pancreatic secretion

4) antacids
- neutralize gastric acid (hcl)
- decrease production and secretion of pancreatic enzymes and bicarbonate

5) proton pump inhibitors (like omeprazole)
- decrease hcl acid secretion which decreases pancreatic activity

*nutritional intervention for acute pancreatitis*

A) what are 5 nutritional intervention for acute pancreatitis? ✅a)
1) npo status initially
2) small, frequent feedings when able
3) high carbohydrate diet
4) no alcohol
5) supplemental fat-soluble vitamins

*lecture question*
Jerold cooperstein is a 65 year old man who is admitted to the hospital with suspected
acute pancreatitis. Mr. Cooperstein reports extreme mid-epigastric pain which is
radiating to his back. He says the pain started lasts night after eating a double
cheeseburger and fries from a fast food restaurant. The nurse knows that the two most
common causes of acute pancreatitis are:

A) history of diabetes and hypocholesteremia
B) history of alcohol abuse and smoking
C) pancreatic cancer and obesity
D) gallstones and alcohol abuse ✅d) gallstones and alcohol abuse

*lecture question*

, Mr. Cooperstein is being discharged to home and was treated for pancreatitis. The
nurse is teaching him about his post discharge diet. Which statement if made by mr.
Cooperstein will the nurse be most concerned about? Select all that apply.

A) "it is very important that i limit my alcohol intake to no more than 1-2 drinks a day.
B) "it is going to be really hard but i will eat a low fat diet and avoid greasy foods."
C) "i will try to eat complex carbohydrates rather than refined carbohydrates."
D) "i will try to eat foods that are high in protein." ✅a)
- reason: this is right because you want no alcohol intake!!! Even if its 1-2, you want
none!

D)
- reason: you don't want to overstimulate the pancreas! You want to rest the pancreas
so you would want a high-carb diet!

*lecture question*

Sherri tremaine has been diagnosed with pancreatitis. She is obese, has smoked one
pack of cigarettes a day for the last 30 years, and reports drinking a glass of red wine
with her supper. She denies a history of diabetes and her health history is unremarkable
for heart disease. Mrs. Tremaine reports that she has had several episodes of
cholecystitis over the past several years. Mrs. Tremaine asks the nurse, "how did i get
pancreatitis." what would the best response be?

A) "your chronic abuse of alcohol is what probably caused your pancreatitis."
B) "you are obese and that causes nearly all cases of pancreatitis."
C) "smoking is most likely what caused your pancreatitis."
D) "having gallbladder attacks increases your risk for pancreatitis." ✅d)
- reason: gallstones of cholecystitis are a big cause of pancreatitis for women!

*lecture question*

The healthcare provider has ordered a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor for ms. Johanson.
The nurse knows that this medication has been ordered to:

A) relieve the pain that is associated with acute pancreatitis.
B) decrease hydrochloric acid secretion
C) neutralize gastric hydrochloric acid secretion
D) decrease the volume of pancreatic secretions ✅d) decrease the volume of
pancreatic secretions

*headache classification*

A) what are primary headaches?
B) what are secondary headaches? ✅a) when the headache itself is the main problem
(3 types: tension-type, migraine, cluster)

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