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hist 103 TAMU McGlone exam 2 Questions and Answers 100% correct
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hist 103 TAMU McGlone exam 2axial age - answer-first millennium bce seen as an "axial age"
-old empire steadily declined- new empire emerges
-new communities meant: innovations in cultural & religious beliefs. more social and
political options.
-complex urban-based societies emerged
-second-generation societies benefitting from old empires and looking for ways to
improve it
eastern zhou - answerdivided into two eras
-spring & autumn period (722-481bc) at least 500 battles and 100 civil wars.
-weapons are cheaper to gather & more lethal
eastern zhou pt 2 - answer-warring state period (403-271bc) 7 large territorial states.
-nobles ruled land and called themselves kings
-they started to use coinage
confucius - answer-"the 100 masters"
(551-479bc)
-worked in court of lu in lowly gov positions
-opened own school aged 22- "1st teacher of China"
-private schools where elite in society could attend
-believed humans behaved ethically not for salvation rather inherently good
-human left alone= harmonious existence
confucious pt 2 - answerfamily the foundation of proper ethical actions
economic: everyone in the family gets financially supported
political and social : benefits from having a strong family If you are disciplined it's better
when you go out to society
moral & psychological: you know where you fit in society, sense of stability
state a patriarchal family: respect heaven & protect subjects
ruler has to respect god & his subjects: harmonious society only possible by keeping
everyone fed
confucius pt 3 - answerthe analects
teachings preserved by followers in the analects
doesn't talk about god or gods when talking about morality (or in the book)
social reform can only come from within & not from above
believed in perfectibility of human character
daoism - answerattributed to lao tzu (500bce)
, contributed to the religion of China
emphasizing doing what is natural- "go with the flow" in accordance with the tao (dao)- a
cosmic force
tzu scorned rigid rituals & social hierarchies
followers collect his sayings in a book "the dao de jing"
main principle= "wuwei"- spontaneity
ruler who interfered least= most successful
zhou - answerpolitically:
leaders created administrative districts- stewards, sheriffs, judges
peasant household registered- tax collection & conscription
bureaucrats (superiors) "junzi" paid with grain, titles, gold, silver
warfare:
mass infantry, elite professionals, crossbows, siege ladders. iron armor became more
widespread. huge armies
economic, social, & cultural:
w agriculture revolution- population= 20m
pop along yellow river increased
peasants given own land= incr. population (at first they were only tenants)
chinese familiarized with crop rotation now
more population= scarce food & more warfare
mahavira - answer599 bc- Mahavira born Vardhamana in NE India
a prince & member of the kshatriya (warrior) caste
when he was 30ish he left palace to live ascetic life (give up all worthy pleasures)
over 12 years went through arduous fasting and meditation
eventually attained kebalnyan (enlightenment)- called mahavira (great hero)
preached chastity, no violence, lying, stealing, or possessions
he got a bunch of followers before he died and spread teachings far and wide (religion
Jainism)
buddhism - answersiddhartha gautama
story of spiritual journey
born into royal family in village of Lumbini
had wealth & privilege
sheltered from suffering of world inside palace
after he gets married & has a kid, he leaves palace to explore
after leaving home, he saw old man, sick man, & corpse
a monk encouraged him to become a homeless holy man (lots of suffering)
buddhism pt 2 - answeradopted a path of asceticism for 6 years (self denial & discipline)
he could not do it without suffering
eventually opted a "middle way" neither luxury or poverty
sat beneath the bodhi tree (tree of awakening) achieved enlightenment- became
buddha (awakened one)
inner peace & wisdom incl. morality, meditation, & wisdom= nirvana
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