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cmb2004 Questions and Answer | Latest Update 2024/2025
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Pathogens that may infect mammals can include fungi, bacteria, viruses as well as large, multi-cellular organisms such as ~~> helminths The first phase of an immune response is known as as the innate response with the second phase called the ~~> acquired/adaptive The acquired phase is...

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  • September 15, 2024
  • 32
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • cmb2004 questions and answer latest update 2024
  • pathogens that may infect mammals can include fung

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1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+




cmb2004 Questions and Answer |
Latest Update 2024/2025
Pathogens that may infect mammals can include fungi, bacteria, viruses as

well as large, multi-cellular organisms such as


~~> helminths




The first phase of an immune response is known as as the innate response with

the second phase called the


~~> acquired/adaptive




The acquired phase is specific and relies on the detection of infectious

agents using


~~> .receptors expressed by lymphocytes




The process by which enough cells expressing receptors for the correct

pathogen is known as


~~> clonal selection/expansion




Why is the secondary immune response more effective than the primary

response?



Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update

, 2 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+


~~> initial antigen-induced clonal expansion leads to memory cell formation

which are then both faster (because present at a higher frequency) and

more effective (as have mutated BCRs/antibodies) to respond during

secondary response




What are the 2 chains of an antibody called?


~~> heavy/light chain




Which part of an antibody interacts with the epitope of an antigen?


~~> two identical antigen binding sites (and in particular CDRs within these)




Define the Fab and the Fc regions of an antibody?


~~> Fab is (VH/CH1+ VL/CL1) domains (artificially generated with papain) Fc

is ((CH2/CH3/+ (CH4 sometimes)) x2 regions of antibody that binds to FcRs;

(also artificially generated with papain)




The antigen binding site of an antibody is made up of...


~~> variable domain of H and L chains.




The lamda and kappa chains form the .... chain of an antibody?




Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update

, 3 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+


~~> light




How many hypervariable regions are involved with antigen binding in a single

antibody molecule?


~~> 12




Antibodies only recognise peptide antigens?


~~> false




TCRs are hetero..... proteins?


~~> dimeric




TCRs are formed from two glycoproteins?


~~> true




T cells expressing gamma and delta TCRs are the most common type of T cell


~~> true (there are possibly more of them in skin and gut; very hard to

estimate the precise nos.) but we know more about a/b T cells which are

easier to find in the blood and secondary lymphoid structures




Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update

, 4 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+


TCRs recognise carbohydrate?


~~> false




antibodies, TCR's and MHC molecules are:


• Glycoproteins?


• Part of the immunoglobulin superfamily?


• Integral parts of the adaptive immune response?


~~> true, true, true




MHC class I molecules are expressed by which cell types?


~~> almost all




What are the main structural differences between class I and II MHC

molecules?


~~> One chain (class I) versus two (class II), class II have more "open" groove




Does beta 2 microglobulin bind to the processed peptide?


~~> no




Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update

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