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CMB2004 Questions and Answer | Latest Update 2024/2025
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What is a pathogen? ~~> A microorganism that causes disease e.g. bacteria, fungi, virus, parasite For an effective immune response the immune system must... ~~> - be able to recognise and respond to any invading organism - not over react to benign or self - be able to direct differ...

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  • September 15, 2024
  • 24
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • cmb2004 questions and answer latest update 2024
  • what is a pathogen a microorganism that cau

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  • CMB2001

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1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+




CMB2004 Questions and Answer |
Latest Update 2024/2025
What is a pathogen?


✓ ~~> A microorganism that causes disease e.g. bacteria, fungi, virus,

parasite




For an effective immune response the immune system must...


✓ ~~> - be able to recognise and respond to any invading organism

✓ - not over react to benign or self

✓ - be able to direct different effector mechanisms against different

pathogens




What is specific/adaptive immunity?


✓ ~~> - it is induced by exposure to a particular infection

- shows a high degree of specificity


- exhibits memory




What is the clonal selection theory?




Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update

, 2 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+


✓ ~~> 1. Removal of potentially self reactive immature lymphocytes by

clonal selection

2. Pool of mature naive lymphocytes


3. Proliferation and differentiation of activated specific lymphocytes to form a

clone of effector cells




What are BCRs and what do they do?


✓ ~~> B cell receptor expressed by B lymphocytes is subsequently

secreted when B cell is activated now known as an antibody




What is the structure of an antibody?


✓ ~~>




What is the function of a T cell receptor?


✓ ~~> - Unlike antibody, it doesn't bind free antigen

- Binds/recognises processed antigen


- Presented in the cleft/binding groove of MHC class I or class II molecules




What are MHC molecules?




Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update

, 3 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+


✓ ~~> major histocompatibility complex molecules, also called HLA

(human leukocyte antigens)




a collection of cell surface markers that identify the cells as self




Rearrangement of Ig genes


✓ ~~> - Genes rearrange during B cell development to form a functional

gene

- Production of functional immunoglobulin genes involves recombination to

bring gene segments together


- After DNA breaks, a single V and a single J gene segment are joined

together to encode the V region of the light chain


- Similarly, a single V, D and J gene segment are joined together in a single B

cell to encode the V region




Types of segments in heavy and light chains


✓ ~~> V - variable

D - diversity


J - joining


C - constant



Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update

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