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PHGY 209 Blood Exam Questions With Correct Answers
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PHGY 209 Blood Exam Questions With Correct Answers What are (3) blood functions? (essential role in maintaining homeostasis) - answer1. TRANSPORT (Nutritive, Respiratory, Excretory, Hormone Transport, Temperature regulation) 2. ACID-BASE BALANCE (Normal pH range 7.30-7.45) 3. PROTECTION (So...

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  • September 17, 2024
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©THEBRIGHTSTARS 2024


PHGY 209 Blood Exam Questions With
Correct Answers


What are (3) blood functions? (essential role in maintaining homeostasis) - answer✔1.
TRANSPORT
(Nutritive, Respiratory, Excretory, Hormone Transport, Temperature regulation)


2. ACID-BASE BALANCE
(Normal pH range 7.30-7.45)


3. PROTECTION
(Some blood cells, and some blood proteins)

What (3) is the composition of centrifuged blood? - answer✔-Plasma (55%)
-''Buffy layer'' (WBCs & Platelets)
-RBCs (45%)

Define (3) blood characteristics - answer✔--> It comprises both ECF (plasma) and ICF (inside
blood cells)


--> May be studied in vivo (in intact individual) and in vitro (in petri dish, test tube, glass)


--> Accounts for ~7% of body mass, so ~5 L /70 kg
Define:
a) Normovolemia
b) HypOvolemia

c) HypERvolemia - answer✔a) Normal blood volume

, ©THEBRIGHTSTARS 2024


b) LOwer blood volume


c) HighER blood volume
a) Define Hematocrit (Ht).
b) How do you calculate it?

c) What is the normal value? - answer✔a) % of blood volume occupied by RBCs


b) Ht = (Height of RBC column / Height of whole blood column) * 100%


--> Normal value (for 70 kg male): ~45%
a) Normal value for total blood volume?
b) How do you calculate total blood volume occupied by RBCs?

c) How do you calculate total blood volume occupied by Plasma? - answer✔a) For a 70 kg
male, blood volume = ~7-8% of body weight, so about ~5-5.5 L


b) If Ht is 45%, then 5 L * 0.45 = ~2.25 L, which is the volume occupied by RBCs.


c) If Ht is 45%, then plasma is 55% and 5 L * 0.55 = ~2.75 L, which is the volume occupied by
plasma.

What (5) is the composition of plasma? (similar to that of ISF) - answer✔1. >90% WATER


2. IONS
(Na+, K+, Ca++, Mg++, Cl-, HCO3-, (PO4--))
Plasma composition may be approximated by physiological saline: 0.9 g/dL NaCl.


3. NUTRIENTS
(Glucose, a.a., lipids (e.g., cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides), wastes (e.g., urea, lactic
acid).

, ©THEBRIGHTSTARS 2024
Note: nutrients are present in small concentrations for rapid & constant exchange


4. RESPIRATORY GASES
(O2, CO2)


5. PROTEINS (colloids) = 7g% = 7g/dL
(Albumin = 60%
Globulin = 35%
Fibrinogen = 5%)
The composition of plasma is similar to that of ISF, but how does it differentiate itself from it? -
answer✔Plasma contains proteins

How (4) can you separate plasma proteins? - answer✔1. DIFFERENTIAL PRECIPITATION
BY SALTS
(ex: ammonium sulfate)


2. SEDIMENTATION IN ULTRACENTRIFUGE


3. ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY
(Separation by taking advantage of the fact that proteins are made up of a.a., which dissociates
the acidic and/or at the basic end. In the pH of plasma, the proteins that dissociate most easily
exhibit a lot of - charges.)


4. IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
a) Define electrophoresis

b) What influences it? - answer✔a) Fractionation method based on the movement of charged
particles along a voltage gradient


b) Rate of migration is influenced by the NUMBER and DISTRIBUTION of charges and by the
MOLECULAR WEIGHT of each protein.

, ©THEBRIGHTSTARS 2024
Each protein migrates at its own characteristic rate, depending on the factors named above.

What is the method of electrophoresis? - answer✔You take a strip of paper and you soak it in a
buffer the pH of plasma.


You then put a drop of plasma on it and then apply a current.


Note that the proteins will migrate towards the + electrode (anode)
What can an electrophoresis scan of PLASMA indicate? Which protein migrates the fastest and
is present in the largest quantities? - answer✔--> Each peak represents the amount of a
particular protein that you're examining. The area under the peak is the measure of concentration
of that particular band


--> Albumin is present in the largest quantities and is the one that migrates the fastest towards
the anode.
a) What is the difference between serum and plasma?
b) So, what will be the difference between the electrophoretic pattern of plasma and serum? -
answer✔a) Serum is plasma WITHOUT fibrinogen (fibrinogen is a clotting protein, causes
blood & plasma clotting)


b) The serum electrophoretic pattern will LACK a fibrinogen peak.
What characteristic of renal disease can be seen via a plasma electrophoretic pattern? Why? -
answer✔A LOWER peak of albumin


Normally, the kidney is impermeable (doesn't allow proteins to be lost in the urine). But kidney
disease makes them much more permeable and some of the albumin will be lost


Why albumin? Because it's the smallest molecules; so it will be lost in the urine the fastest.
What characteristic of bacterial infection can be seen via a plasma electrophoretic pattern? Why?
- answer✔A higher peak of gamma globulins

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