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OCCTH 585 Midterm 1 Questions And Answers Rated A+.

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OCCTH 585

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OCCTH 585

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occth 585 midterm 1 questions and answers rated a

Institution OCCTH 585
Course OCCTH 585

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OCCTH 585 Midterm 1 Questions And
Answers Rated A+.

evidence for a plastic brain - correct answer.- learning and memory
- skill acquisition
- development
- aging
- injury and disease
- recovery

neuron - correct answer.cell that allows transmission of information

dendrites - correct answer.collects/receives information from other sources

cell body - correct answer.integrates incoming signals and generates outgoing signal to
the axon; powerhouse of the cell

axon - correct answer.passes electrical signals (action potential) to dendrites of another
cell or to an effector cell

synaptic bouton - correct answer.a specialized area within the axon of the presynaptic
cell that contains neurotransmitters enclosed in small membrane-bound spheres called
synaptic vesicles

information flow through neurons - correct answer.dendrites receive information, cell
body integrates and generates outgoing signal, information is summated at the axon
hillock, axon carries action potential to synaptic bouton, synaptic bouton releases
neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft where they diffuse across and interact with the
post-synaptic cell (neuron or effector cell)

EPSP - correct answer.excitatory post synaptic potential- closer to an action potential,
depolarizing

IPSP - correct answer.inhibitory post synaptic potential - further from an action
potential, polarizing

action potential - correct answer.the all-or-none electrical signal that travels down a
neuron's axon - result of the spatial/temporal summation of EPSPs and IPSPs

,neuroplasticity - correct answer.- change in the properties of neurotransmission
- change in cell properties
- structural/anatomical changes of cells

change in properties of neurotransmission - correct answer.- change in NT release
- change in post-synaptic potential size/shape

change in cell properties - correct answer.- size and shape
- electrical properties (resistance)
- leakiness

structural/anatomical changes of cells - correct answer.- re-growth of parts of the
nervous system (not there yet)
- growth of axons, dendrites, axonal collateral

unmasking - correct answer.immediate, exposure of pre-existing synapses resulting in
functional changes - synapses were always there, but may not of been functionally
recognized

dendritic pruning - correct answer.retraction of unused bits (ex. dendritic
spines/branches), resulting in a loss in real estate and a decrease in energy expenditure
- after un-masking occurs, dendrites will wait for input, but it they don't receive any this
process will take place resulting in a reduction in cell volume impacting cell function

collateral sprouting - correct answer.growth of new bits (axon branches), requiring time,
to fill vacancies on dendrites/target - process is activity dependent and produces
functional changes

how is growth is activity dependent? - correct answer.target cells send out signals for
other cells to grow towards them - the only way for a cell to grow towards the target cell
is if it is also active:
- active cells release NT and then "scoop" in excess NT - with this, they will bring in
chemicals from the target cell (neurotrophins/chemoattractants), attracting cell to grow
towards target
- dendritic spines release neurotrophins to stabalize the synapse - if the input cell dies,
the neurotrophins release into environment, attacting cells to fill in vacant space

can we stimulate collateral sprouting? - correct answer.yes, via high frequency and
intensity stimulation - tells the nervous system the input is important, because we are
receiving a lot of stimulation - so this drives anatomical and functional changes that
support efficacy of the stimulated system

neurogenesis - correct answer.formation of new neurons

neurogenesis in the mature CNS - correct answer.- dentate gyrus of the hippocampus
- corpus collosum - olfactory bulb

, - neural glial cells - astrocytes

mechanism/control of neurogenesis - correct answer.VERY COMPLEX
- Proliferation (if not well controlled = tumours)
- Migration (need to move to intended target, survive hostile environment from immune
system)
- Differentiation (need to differentiate from stem cell to functional neuron capable of
making connections)
**new neurons survive in enriched environments, glucocorticoids (stress) decrease
proliferation, estrogen increases cell proliferation

limitations of neurogenesis in mature CNS - correct answer.- happens in embryology
- need to navigate around pre-existing and formed structures
- hormones and environment impact and influence how cells shift from one stage to the
next
- complicated by embedding a new cell into a system that we have created over a
lifetime

axonal growth during embryology - correct answer.- chemoattractants and
chemorepellants work together to repel axon from wrong target and attract to correct
target
- neurons are in growth phase; grow with a growth cone
- guide cells are present
- hormone balance is critical
- guidance molecules present in high concentrations

chemoattractant - correct answer.a diffusible molecule that acts over a distance to
attract growing axons

chemorepellant - correct answer.a diffusible molecule that acts over a distance to repel
growing axons

growth cone - correct answer.the specialized structure specific for growth - filipodium
(extensions) go out in all directions searching for chemoattractants, which will cause it
to grow in a dedicated direction to the target

impact of hormones on baby during embryology - correct answer.important for timing of
growth events, and the responsiveness of the neuron

guidance molecules - correct answer.- netrin
- slit
- ephrin
- semaphorin

netrin - correct answer.growth promoter/chemoattractant

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