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NUR 612 EXAM 1 Questions and Correct Answers | Latest Update
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Endocrine System → ~:- System composed of various glands that can synthesize and release special chemical messengers called hormones. → System works closely with the Nervous System and the Immune system to regulate and integrate body functions. Functions: Growth and development Sexua...

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  • September 23, 2024
  • 134
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • nur 612 exam 1 questions and correct answers la
  • endocrine system system composed of various

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1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+




NUR 612 EXAM 1 Questions and
Correct Answers | Latest Update
Endocrine System


→ ~:- System composed of various glands that can synthesize and

release special chemical messengers called hormones.

→ System works closely with the Nervous System and the Immune system

to regulate and integrate body functions.




Functions:




Growth and development


Sexual differentiation


Metabolism


Adaptation to an ever-changing environment


Regulation of digestion


Use and storage of nutrients


Electrolyte and water metabolism


Reproductive functions




Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update

, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+


Hormones


→ ~:- Endocrine system uses chemical substances called hormones as a

means of regulating and integrating body functions.

Hormones are thought of as chemical messengers produced to target a

specific cell. They do NOT initiate reactions but function as a modulator of

cellular and systemic responses.




Function as chemical messengers


Move through the blood to distant target sites of action


Or, act more locally as paracrine or autocrine messengers that incite more

local effects


Most are present in body fluids at all times in greater or lesser amounts as

needed.


Characteristics


A single hormone can exert various effects in different tissues.


A single function can be regulated by several hormones.




Types of Hormone Actions




Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update

, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+


→ ~:- Hormones are released in one location but can have the biologic

effect either in that location of release or somewhere else

Endocrine


Paracrine


Autocrine


Intracrine




Endocrine


→ ~:- Hormones are released in the circulation to act on a target organ

(between remote cells)




Paracrine


→ ~:- Hormones acts locally in cells other than that produced the

hormones Ex: sex steroids in ovary (between local cells)




Hormones acting locally on cells other than those that produced the

hormone


For example, the action of sex steroids on the ovary




Autocrine


Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update

, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+


→ ~:- Hormones exert action on the cells from which they are produced

ex: insulin (on the cell that produced them)




Hormones exerting action on the cells from which they were produced


For example, the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells can inhibit its

release from the same cells




Intracrine


→ ~:- Hormone action is within the cell that produced the hormone




Mechanisms of Hormone Action


→ ~:- Hormones interact with high-affinity receptors.

These are linked to one or more effector system in the cell.


Hormone receptors may be located in the plasma membrane of the cell

(surface of the cell) or in the intracellular compartment (inside the cell) of the

target cell.




The vesicle mediated pathway




Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update

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