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Drexel Nursing 221 Exam 1 questions and answers verified 2024
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Drexel Nursing 221 Exam 1Neoplasia - correct answer ✔"New Growth" It implies an abnormality of
cellular growth. Synonymous with "tumor".
Anemia - correct answer ✔A deficiency in circulating red blood cells. Tumors
Thrombocytopenia - correct answer ✔A deficiency in the number of
circulating platelets. Decrease is aggregation and clotting of blood. Epistaxis,
metorrhagia hematuria, and petechiae often occur. Increased risk of
intracranial hemorrhaging.
Leukopenia - correct answer ✔A decrease in the number of circulating white
blood cells. This causes an increased risk of infection and is the most
common cause of death in immunocomprimised patients. Causes weight loss,
anorexia, lymphoadenophy, and CNS dysfunction.
-penia - correct answer ✔Lack of; Deficiency; Decrease.
What are the effects of cancer on the body? - correct answer ✔1) Pain - the
break down of cells release inflammatory mediators which cause pain.
2) Cachexia - overall loss of weight and general weakness.
3) Immunosuppression - cancer cells secrete immunosuppressents which
reduce T and B cell populations.
4) Bonemarrow Suppression - contributes to leucopenia, throbocytopenia and
anemia due to destruction of blood forming cells, malnutrition and
chemotherapy.
5) Paraneoplastic Syndrome - symptoms that can't be explained by obvious
tumor properties (Ex. FUO)
,6) Hair loss and sloughing of mucosal membranes due to radiation or
chemotherapy.
Cachexia - correct answer ✔Overall loss of weight and general weakness.
Paraneoplastic Syndrome - correct answer ✔Symptoms that can't be
explained by obvious tumor properties. Ex. Tumors produce/secrete
hormones or generate fevers of unknown origins (FUO).
Staging of Tumors - correct answer ✔Location and pattern of spread of a
tumor within the host. Tumor size, extent of local growth, lymph node and
organ involvement, and presence of distance of metastases.
Grading of Tumors - correct answer ✔The histological characterization of
tumor cells and the degree of anaplasia. The greater degree of anaplasia
(lack of differentiation) the more malignant the tumor.
Anaplasia - correct answer ✔A lack of differentiation of pluripotent stem
cells. A change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other
indicated by variation in cell size and shape within a tumor.
What are the three main methods of metastasis? - correct answer ✔1)
Through the blood.
2) Through the lymphatic system.
3) Site specific metastisis - chemotactic signals allow tumor cells to lock onto
specific endothelial cells.
Site Specific Metastisis - correct answer ✔Tumor cells follow chemotactic
signals that all them to lock onto and bind to specific endothelial cells.
,How does the host defend against metastasis? - correct answer ✔Host
immune cells bind to receptors on tumor cells and undergo chemical change
which kills the tumor cells. Only 1/10,000 tumor cells make it to the blood
stream and survive the host's defenses. Some tumor cells can retract their
receptors or coat themselves in platelets to dodge the host's immune cells.
How do tumor cells invade and metastasize? - correct answer ✔Malignant
tumor cells secrete digestive enzymes to facilitate their invasive growth into
neighboring tissues or into blood vessels or lymphatic vessels. Tumors can't
grow more than 2mm unless they grow blood vessels into the tumor to provide
oxygen and nutrients.
What are the most common cancers that effect men? - correct answer ✔1)
Prostate 25%
2) Lung and Bronchial 15%
3) Colon and Rectum 10%
What are the most common cancers that effect women? - correct answer
✔1) Breast 26%
2) Lung and Bronchial 14%
3) Colon and Rectum 10%
How many different cancers are attributable to smoking? - correct answer
✔Lung; Oropharynx; Larynx; Esophagus; Stomach; Pancreas; Bladder;
Kidney; Myeloid leukemia.
Benign Tumor - correct answer ✔Benign growth is generally easily cured.
Tumor cells are cells that are typical of the tissue of origin ( meaning they look
similar to normal healthy cells). Typically do not metastasize. Benign tumors
can still be a cause for concern depending on the location of the tumor.
, Malignant Tumor - correct answer ✔A severe tumor that becomes
progressively worse. They are anaplastic, meaning that they have lack of
differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Invasive and infiltrative. High chance
of metastasizing.
Benign - correct answer ✔Kindly; favorable; not cancerous
Malignant - correct answer ✔Deadly, extremely harmful, evil; spiteful,
malicious; cancerous
Metastasis - correct answer ✔Cancer cells that invade other parts of the
body through the blood, the lymphatic system or site specific metastasis.
What are the characteristics of benign tumors? - correct answer ✔Histology -
Typical of tissue origin; few mitoses.
Growth Rate - Slow
Localization/Metastasis - Strictly local, often encapsulated/no metastasis due
to slow growth.
Tumor Necrosis - Rare
Recurrence after treatment - Rare
Prognosis - Good unless in a critical area.
What are the characteristics of malignant tumors? - correct answer
✔Histology - Anaplastic, with abnormal cell size and shape. Many mitoses.
Growth Rate - Rapid
Localization/Metastasis - Infiltrative and frequent.
Tumor Necrosis - Common
Recurrence after treatment - Common
Prognosis - Poor if untreated.
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