APES Chap 1-8 || with 100% Error-free Solutions.
natural capital correct answers natural resources (air, water, soil, land,life, renewable &
nonrenewable energy) + natural services (air & water purification, water storage, soil renewal,
nutrient recycling, etc.)
economic growth correct answers inc in the capacity of a country to provide people w./ goods &
services
gross domestic product (GDP) correct answers the annual market value of all goods & services
produced by all firms & orgs, foreign & domestic, operating withing a country; a country's GDP
is normally measured by this
perpetual resource correct answers continuous (sun)
renewable resource correct answers can be replenished fairly rapidly (wind, forests, grasslands,
wild animals, fresh water & air, fertile soil)
nonrenewable resource correct answers in fixed supply. (oil, coal, natural gas)
tragedy of the commons correct answers the degradation of renewable free-access resources
(resources that are available to everyone like water & air)
ex.) exceeding the sustainable catch of an ocean fishery
ecological footprint correct answers the amount of biologically productive land & water needed
to supply an area w./ resources & to absorb the wastes & pollution produced by such resource
use
per capita ecological footprint correct answers the avg ecological footprint of an individual in an
area
point pollution correct answers single, identifiable sources
ex) smokestack of a coal burning power or industrial plant; the drainpipe of a factory; the
exhaust pipe of an automobile
non-point pollution correct answers larger, dispersed, & often difficult to identify
ex) pesticides sprayed into the air or blown by the wind into the atmosphere; runoff of fertilizers
& pesticides from farmlands, golf courses; suburban lawns, etc.
frontier science correct answers science that is controversial bc they haven't been widely tested &
accepted by peer review
high through put economy correct answers attempt to boost economic growth by increasing the
one-way flow of matter & energy resources through their economic systems
, low through put economy correct answers works w./ nature by recycling & reusing; prevents
pollution; decrease waste; controlling the population, & preserving biodiversity & ecological
integrity
Realm of ecology (least to broadest) correct answers
organisms→populations→communities→ecosystems→biosphere
organism correct answers any form of life
population correct answers group of interacting individuals of the same species occupying a
specific area
community correct answers consists of all the populations of different species that live & interact
in a particular area
ecosystem correct answers a community where populations of different species interact w./ one
another w./ their nonliving environment of matter & energy; where there's an interrelationship
b/w biotic & abiotic factors
biosphere correct answers all of the earth's ecosystems
biodiversity correct answers Variety of different species (species diversity), genetic variability
among individuals within each species (genetic diversity), variety of ecosystems (ecological
diversity), and functions such as energy flow and matter cycling needed for the survival of
species and biological communities (functional diversity).
What sustains life on earth? correct answers Solar energy, the cycling of matter, & gravity
trophic levels correct answers sun→1st-producers→2nd-primary consumers (herbivores)→3rd-
secondary consumers (carnivores)→tertiary consumers (top carnivores)
energy efficiency correct answers % of usable energy transferred as biomes from 1 tropic level to
the next
-ranges from 5-20%; 10 is typical
the more tropic levels in a food chain/web... correct answers the greater the cumulative loss of
usable energy as energy flows through the various trophic levels
Percentage of energy loss w./ each transfer (trophic levels) correct answers 90%
heterotrophs correct answers Organism that cannot synthesize the organic nutrients it needs and
gets its organic nutrients by feeding on the tissues of producers or of other consumers
producers correct answers Organism that uses solar energy or chemical energy to manufacture
the organic compounds it needs as nutrients from simple inorganic compounds obtained from its
environment
natural capital correct answers natural resources (air, water, soil, land,life, renewable &
nonrenewable energy) + natural services (air & water purification, water storage, soil renewal,
nutrient recycling, etc.)
economic growth correct answers inc in the capacity of a country to provide people w./ goods &
services
gross domestic product (GDP) correct answers the annual market value of all goods & services
produced by all firms & orgs, foreign & domestic, operating withing a country; a country's GDP
is normally measured by this
perpetual resource correct answers continuous (sun)
renewable resource correct answers can be replenished fairly rapidly (wind, forests, grasslands,
wild animals, fresh water & air, fertile soil)
nonrenewable resource correct answers in fixed supply. (oil, coal, natural gas)
tragedy of the commons correct answers the degradation of renewable free-access resources
(resources that are available to everyone like water & air)
ex.) exceeding the sustainable catch of an ocean fishery
ecological footprint correct answers the amount of biologically productive land & water needed
to supply an area w./ resources & to absorb the wastes & pollution produced by such resource
use
per capita ecological footprint correct answers the avg ecological footprint of an individual in an
area
point pollution correct answers single, identifiable sources
ex) smokestack of a coal burning power or industrial plant; the drainpipe of a factory; the
exhaust pipe of an automobile
non-point pollution correct answers larger, dispersed, & often difficult to identify
ex) pesticides sprayed into the air or blown by the wind into the atmosphere; runoff of fertilizers
& pesticides from farmlands, golf courses; suburban lawns, etc.
frontier science correct answers science that is controversial bc they haven't been widely tested &
accepted by peer review
high through put economy correct answers attempt to boost economic growth by increasing the
one-way flow of matter & energy resources through their economic systems
, low through put economy correct answers works w./ nature by recycling & reusing; prevents
pollution; decrease waste; controlling the population, & preserving biodiversity & ecological
integrity
Realm of ecology (least to broadest) correct answers
organisms→populations→communities→ecosystems→biosphere
organism correct answers any form of life
population correct answers group of interacting individuals of the same species occupying a
specific area
community correct answers consists of all the populations of different species that live & interact
in a particular area
ecosystem correct answers a community where populations of different species interact w./ one
another w./ their nonliving environment of matter & energy; where there's an interrelationship
b/w biotic & abiotic factors
biosphere correct answers all of the earth's ecosystems
biodiversity correct answers Variety of different species (species diversity), genetic variability
among individuals within each species (genetic diversity), variety of ecosystems (ecological
diversity), and functions such as energy flow and matter cycling needed for the survival of
species and biological communities (functional diversity).
What sustains life on earth? correct answers Solar energy, the cycling of matter, & gravity
trophic levels correct answers sun→1st-producers→2nd-primary consumers (herbivores)→3rd-
secondary consumers (carnivores)→tertiary consumers (top carnivores)
energy efficiency correct answers % of usable energy transferred as biomes from 1 tropic level to
the next
-ranges from 5-20%; 10 is typical
the more tropic levels in a food chain/web... correct answers the greater the cumulative loss of
usable energy as energy flows through the various trophic levels
Percentage of energy loss w./ each transfer (trophic levels) correct answers 90%
heterotrophs correct answers Organism that cannot synthesize the organic nutrients it needs and
gets its organic nutrients by feeding on the tissues of producers or of other consumers
producers correct answers Organism that uses solar energy or chemical energy to manufacture
the organic compounds it needs as nutrients from simple inorganic compounds obtained from its
environment
