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EESC 101 Exam 2 || A+ Graded Already.
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Why do earthquakes occur? correct answers - release of energy in response to a build up of stress along a fracture - energy released in sudden bursts due to stick-slip behavior Why do we see stick slip behavior? correct answers faults are not smooth so the jagged edge causes friction What ar...

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  • September 26, 2024
  • 15
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • why do earthquakes occur

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  • EESC 101
  • EESC 101

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EESC 101 Exam 2 || A+ Graded Already.
Why do earthquakes occur? correct answers - release of energy in response to a build up of stress
along a fracture
- energy released in sudden bursts due to stick-slip behavior

Why do we see stick slip behavior? correct answers faults are not smooth so the jagged edge
causes friction

What are the four different types of faults? correct answers - normal faults (with gravity)
- transform faults (sideways motion)
- reverse faults (against gravity, high angle)
- thrust faults (against gravity, low angle)

At what depths do earthquakes occur and why? correct answers - anywhere from the surface to
660km deep
- at 660km, you reach the mantle; rock becomes liquid and won't strike-slip

At what depths are different earthquakes labeled? correct answers - shallow, <20 km
- intermediate, 20-300km
- deep, 300-660km

Focus correct answers the point at which an earthquake originates within the crust (deeper = less
damage, shallower = more damage)

Epicenter correct answers the point on the surface directly above the focus

Displacement (offset) correct answers the amount of movement across a fault
- most only move a few centimeters, but big ones can be 7-12 meters
- enormous amounts of energy released

Can there be movement at a fault but no earthquake occur? correct answers yeah!
- <15km, Fault Creeps, really small, slow movements that doesn't result in an earthquake (still a
fracture/sone of weakness)
- >15km, its too hot so it reacts elastically (think cold vs hard plastic bending)

Where do earthquakes occur? correct answers - mostly at plate boundaries
- transform/divergent boundaries (shallow only, continental rift areas more dangerous than
MOR)
- convergent boundaries (all depths, often near coast lines)

Inactive correct answers old faults that haven't caused earthquakes in millions of years (still areas
of weakness!)

Intraplate Earthquakes correct answers earthquakes far from any plate boundary, likely caused
by the reactivation of ancient faults

, What causes earthquakes? correct answers 1. sudden formation of a new fault
2. sudden slip on an existing fault
(top two are 90% of earthquakes)
3. mineral phase change
4. movement of magma in a volcano
5. volcanic eruption
6. meteoric impact
7. nuclear bomb test
8. pumping fluids into/out of the ground

1. Sudden formation of a new fault correct answers constant application of pressure in opposing
direction creates new permanent zones of weakness

2. Sudden slip on an existing fault correct answers most common; old faults are zones of
weakness so they tend to break and move to release energy

4. Movement of magma in Volcanoes correct answers rising magma wedges into pre-existing
fractures, can signal upcoming eruptions

8. Injection of fluids correct answers - creates new weaknesses, fluids can spill, gets into the
groundwater
- can lubricate faults so they slip more easily
- pumping water in and out can create small fractures/wedge in the current ones

Seismology correct answers the study of earthquakes

Seismic Waves correct answers tremors we feel, responding to the energy released

Seismograph correct answers used to detect and locate earthquakes

Seismogram correct answers the data recorded from a seismograph, depicts arrival times of
waves which helps find the epicenter

What are the four different types of waves? correct answers Body waves (travel through the
earth) - primary and secondary
Surface waves (travel along the surface) - love and rayleigh

Primary Waves - P-Waves correct answers - compress and expand parallel to the wave-travel
direction
- fastest seismic wave
- travel through solids, liquids, and gasses
- little damage at surface

Secondary Waves - S-Waves correct answers - travel back and forth perpendicular to the wave-
travel direction

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