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AP Psychology ALL Terms
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AP Psychology ALL Terms Psychology - answerthe science of behavior and mental processes nature-nurture issue - answerthe long-standing controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors natural selection - answerth...

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  • September 27, 2024
  • 51
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • ap psychology all terms

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  • AP Psychology

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AP Psychology ALL Terms


Psychology - answer✔the science of behavior and mental processes


nature-nurture issue - answer✔the long-standing controversy over the relative contributions that

genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors


natural selection - answer✔the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those

contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations


neuroscience - answer✔the perspective of psychological science that deals with how the body

and brain create emotions, memories, and sensory experiences


evolutionary - answer✔the perspective of psychological science that deals with how nature

selects traits that promote the perpetuation of one's genes


behavior genetics - answer✔the perspective of psychological science that deals with how much

our genes, and our environment, influence our individual differences


psychodynamic - answer✔the perspective of psychological science that deals with how behavior

springs from unconscious drives and conflicts


behavioral - answer✔the perspective of psychological science that deals with how we learn

observable responses

, ©BRAINBARTER 2024/2025


cognitive - answer✔the perspective of psychological science that deals with how we encode,

process, store, and retrieve information


social-cultural - answer✔the perspective of psychological science that deals with how behavior

and thinking vary across situations and cultures


basic research - answer✔pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base


applied research - answer✔scientific study that aims to solve practical problems


clinical psychology - answer✔a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people

with psychological disorders


psychiatry - answer✔a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders, practiced by

physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as

psychological therapy


hindsight bias (I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon) - answer✔the tendency to believe, after

learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it


critical thinking - answer✔thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions.

Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses

conclusions


theory - answer✔an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts

observations

, ©BRAINBARTER 2024/2025


hypothesis - answer✔a testable prediction, often implied by a theory


operational definition - answer✔a statement of the procedures (operations) used to define

research variables. For example, intelligence may be operationally defined as what an

intelligence test measures


replication - answer✔repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different

participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding generalizes to other

participants and circumstances


case study - answer✔an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the

hope of revealing universal principles


survey - answer✔a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people,

usually by questioning a representative, random sample of them


false consensus effect - answer✔the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share

our beliefs and behaviors


population - answer✔all the cases in a group, from which samples may be drawn for a study


random sample - answer✔a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has

an equal chance of inclusion


naturalistic observation - answer✔observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring

situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation

, ©BRAINBARTER 2024/2025


correlation coefficient - answer✔a statistical measure of the extent to which two factors vary

together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other


scatterplot - answer✔a graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two

variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between the two

variables. The amount of scatter suggests the strength of correlation (little scatter indicates high

correlation).


illusory correlation - answer✔the perception of a relationship where none exists


experiment - answer✔a research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more

factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (the

dependent variable). By random assignment of participants the experimenter controls other

relevant factors)


placebo - answer✔an inert substance or condition that may be administered instead of a

presumed active agent, such as a drug, to see if it triggers the effects believed to characterize the

active agent


double-blind procedure - answer✔an experimental procedure in which both the research

participants and the research staff are ignorant (blind) about whether the research participants

have received the treatment or a placebo. Commonly used in drug-evaluation studies.


placebo effect - answer✔any effect on behavior caused by a placebo

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