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Research Exam 2 Updated Questions And Answers
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Research Designs for Questions About Outcomes - ANS The end result, not the efficacy or effectiveness of an individual intervention Has gained relevance in the policy world Enables effective clinical decisions that relate to context and quality of life Research Designs for Question...

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  • October 1, 2024
  • 22
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • research exam 2 updated questions and answers

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Research Exam 2 Updated Questions And
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Research Designs for Questions About Outcomes - ANS The end result, not the efficacy or
effectiveness of an individual intervention

Has gained relevance in the policy world

Enables effective clinical decisions that relate to context and quality of life

Research Designs for Questions About Outcomes: How does it differ from traditional research -
ANS Evaluates a wider range of outcomes

Often focus on results that are meaningful to the patient

Should we rely only on RCTs? - ANS Often trade internal validity for external validity

Research Designs for Questions About Outcomes: Often ______ design - ANS
non-experimental/observational

Researchers do not control the intervention

No randomization

Research Designs for Questions About Outcomes: Because it is non-experimental: - ANS
Careful attention to basic design

Careful delineation of the factors that might influence the outcomes

Often use sophisticated statistical techniques to correct for any biases

Efficacy Vs Effectiveness - ANS Efficacy: effect of treatment under carefully controlled
conditions

Effectiveness: usefulness of treatment to individuals receiving it under typical clinical conditions.

Effectiveness: Non-experimental Design: Messy Process!!!!! - ANS Heterogenous group of
subjects

,Treatment implemented in various ways

DV focuses on broader outcomes of interest to patients

The goal of analysis in outcomes research is to... - ANS isolate the relationship between
outcomes of interest and the treatment provided by controlling for the effects of other relevant
material

Outcomes = - ANS f(baseline, pt clinical characteristics, pt demographics/psychosocial
characteristics, TREATMENT, setting)

Risk Adjustment - ANS Creates a level playing field

Baseline status

Clinical characteristics (comorbidities)

Demographic and psychosocial characteristics

Setting

What research design for this question: To determine whether patient age is associated with
types of physical therapy interventions received for CLBP. - ANS Observational
Correlational Design

Research Designs for Questions About Outcomes: Retrospective (cross sectional or
longitudinal) - ANS Often use secondary databases
-Institutional
-Commercial
-Government
-Medical records

Database Research: Review of Existing Medical Records: advantages and disadvantages -
ANS Advantages:
-Vast information that can be evaluated in context

Disadvantage:
-Time-consuming
-Inconsistent and incomplete information

Database Research: Abstracts of medical records: advantages and disadvantages - ANS
Advantages:
-Face sheet: time-efficient ensuring common data set on all patients of interest

, Disadvantage:
-Errors in coding information
-Less specific information, eg. Eliminating chronically depressed patients

Database Research: Administrative Databases (Information from the federal government
(Medicare), the state government (Medicaid), private insurers): advantages and disadvantages -
ANS Advantages:
-Large number of subjects, representative data, standardized data content, and format

Disadvantage:
-Patients without insurance
-Variation in coding among agencies
-Lack of insurance coverage

Database Research: In-House Databases: advantages and disadvantages - ANS
Advantages:
-High level of use
-Control of the training process
-Design the data collection tools to answer specific questions of interest

Disadvantage:
-Time consuming and expensive venture

Database Research: National Outcome Databases: advantages and disadvantages - ANS
Advantages:
Limited resources to develop in house database
Allows benchmark practice against other similar clinics in database
Large sample size, enhance power, improve generalizability
E.g National Spinal Cord Injury Database

Disadvantage:
-Longitudinal data is lost

Self-report Outcome Measures - ANS Standardized self report
•Surveys

Performance based
•Balance tests
• Person-level end points

•Disability, health status, satisfaction, QoL

•Design: Survey with question

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