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HTHSCI 3I03 - Introductory Immunology complete study ahead solution exam with everything you need to know about this course new update McMaster University CA$20.28   Add to cart
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HTHSCI 3I03 - Introductory Immunology complete study ahead solution exam with everything you need to know about this course new update McMaster University
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HTHSCI 3I03 - Introductory Immunology complete study ahead solution exam with everything you need to know about this course new update McMaster University

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  • October 1, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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HTHSCI 3I03 - Introductory Immunology
complete study ahead solution exam with
everything you need to know about this
course 2024-2025 new update McMaster
University

,1: History of Immunology

In _______, after __________ in which no case of smallpox was recorded, the World Health
Organization announced that the virus had been __________. - In 1979, after 3 years in which
no case of smallpox was recorded, the World Health Organization announced that the virus had
been eradicated.



In what country and century were the earliest records of inoculation recorded? - China in the
16th century



Describe the earliest process of inoculation. - Pustules from smallpox victims were collected,
rendered into powder, and blown up the nose of healthy people



Lady Mary Wortley Montagu - - Smallpox survivor

- Observed inoculation technique while living in Turkey

- Brought the technique to Britain and met significant resistance but eventually acceptance



Edward Anthony Jenner - - Regarded as the father of vaccination (though he was not the first to
inoculate cowpox as smallpox prevention)

- Noted that milkmaids rarely developed smallpox

- Rationalized that exposure to cowpox could prevent smallpox



Germ theory of disease - Illness can be transmitted by microorganisms



Who developed the germ theory of disease? - Both Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch
independently from one another

,Louis Pasteur - - Discovered that microorganisms caused fermentation and developed the
technique of pasteurization

- Discovered that microorganisms cannot produce illness if they are dead

- Observed that animals exposed to dead microorganisms could not be infected upon
subsequent exposure to live microorganisms

- Invented novel method for immunization based on inoculation with dead microorganisms



Robert Koch - Defined criteria to link a microorganism to a disease: Koch's postulates



Koch's postulates - 1. The microorganism must be found in abundance in all organisms suffering
from the disease, but should not be found in healthy organisms.

2. The microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in pure culture.

3. The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism.

4. The microorganism must be reisolated from the inoculated, diseased experimental host and
identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent.



The founders of immunology - Elie Metchnikoff and Paul Ehrlich



Elie Metchnikoff - Proposed the idea that cells which ate bacterium (phagocytes) were
responsible for immune protection



Paul Ehrlich - Imagined that cells produced "side-chains" (now recognized as antibodies)
responsible for protective effects of humour



Two philosophies of immunology - 1. Humoral immunity: Soluble products in body fluids were
responsible for immune protection (anti-serum)

, 2. Cellular immunity: Specialized cells had the capacity to neutralize and engulf infectious
agents



2: Innate Immunity I

Name the two types of innate immunity - answer 1. Intrinsic

2. Induced



Name the two types of induced immunity - answer 1. Humoral

2. Cellular



Humoral immune system includes... - answer Innate:

- Complement system

- Cytokines

- Antimicrobial peptides

Adaptive:

- Antibody mediated



Cellular immune system includes... - answer Innate:

- Epithelial cell

- Neutrophils

- Macrophages

- Natural Killer cells

Adaptive:

- CD4/CD8 mediated

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