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NUR 425 Final Review Questions And Already Passed Answers.
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  • NUR 425

what is the earliest indicator of change in neuro status? - Answer change in LOC what is the term for forgetfulness - Answer confusion what is the term for drowsy - Answer lethargy what is the term for arousable by stimulation - Answer obtunded what is the term for arousable...

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  • October 2, 2024
  • 32
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • arousable by stimulation

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  • NUR 425
  • NUR 425

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NUR 425 Final Review Questions And
Already Passed Answers.
what is the earliest indicator of change in neuro status? - Answer change in LOC



what is the term for forgetfulness - Answer confusion



what is the term for drowsy - Answer lethargy



what is the term for arousable by stimulation - Answer obtunded



what is the term for arousable by vigorous stimulation? - Answer stuporours



what is the term for cannot arouse? - Answer coma



what to assess in a neuro assessment? - Answer vitals:

-changes in HR and BP are more important than certain directions or limits they should be in (trends!)

-HR and BP and temp variable

-respirations altered?

-hypotension: decreases cerebral blood flow (less pressure)

-hypertension: increases cerebral blood flow (more pressure)



assess fontanels/sutures if less than 2 years old

-abnormal bulging



assess head circumference



assess pupils

,-size and reactivity

-pinpoint: overdose

-bilateral fixed and dilated: brainstem herniation...could be caused by mydriatic drugs



what is cushing's reflex? - Answer decreased HR, increased BP, altered respirations



This is a late sign and uncommon in children



the breathing is an ominous sign



What is Cheyne-Stokes breathing? - Answer apnea of 10-60 sec followed by increasing depth and
frequency of breaths (occurs in DKA)



what conditions affect altered mental status? - Answer -metabolism (hypoglycemia, DKA)

-infections (meningitis)

-toxins (alcohol, lead)

-trauma (traumatic brain injury, submersion injury)

-endocrine (hypothyroidism)

-neurological/neoplasm (seizure, myelomeningocele, tumor)



why is MAP important? - Answer it is a better indicator of perfusion



it is the average blood pressure during one cardiac cycle



normal value for MAP in pediatrics? - Answer should be above 50 (adults are 60-100)



what is cerebral perfusion pressure? - Answer pressure needed to ensure adequate oxygen and
nutrients are delivered to the brain

,it is the difference between pressure of blood going to the brain (MAP) and the back pressure to this
flow (ICP)



What is intracranial pressure? - Answer it is the force exerted by the three contents of the brain (csf,
blood, tissue)



why must cpp must be maintained within narrow limits? - Answer because too little pressure could
cause ischemia and too much pressure could raise ICP



net gradient that drives oxygen to tissue



what is the relationship between ICP and CPP? - Answer they work against each other



-if icp increases, then cpp decreases



what is the normal value of CPP in children? - Answer 40-60



what is the normal value for ICP in children? - Answer 10-15



epidural hematoma involves what bleeding issue? - Answer arterial



bleed between the skull and dura (above the dura)



subdural hematoma involves what bleeding issue? - Answer venous



bleed between the dura mater and arachnoid mater (below the dura)



What would you assess for a patient with suspected IICP? - Answer S/S of IICP for all peds

-drowsiness

-increased sleeping

, -high pitched cry

-increased frontooccipital circumference

-distended scalp veins

-poor feeding

-setting sun sign

-forceful vomiting

-seizures

-indifference, drowsiness

-diminished physical activity and motor performance

-inability to follow simple commands

-lethargy

-crying when disturbed

-irritable/restless



what would you assess for in an infant with suspected IICP? - Answer -bulging fontanel

-separated cranial sutures

-macewen (cracked pot) sign

-sunset eyes (late and severe sign)



what would you assess for in an older child with suspected IICP? - Answer -nausea

-diplopia, blurred vision

-decline in school performance

-c/o headache



late signs of IICP in all ages - Answer -bradycardia

-decreased motor and sensory response

-change in pupils

-extension and flexion posturing

-cheyne stokes respirations

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