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FAD 3220 Chapter 2 Terms and Concepts Test Questions and Correct Answers
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Zygote the new cell formed by the process of fertilization Genes the basic units of genetic information - composed of DNA DNA ( deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules the substance that genes are composed of that determines the nature of every cell in the body and how it will function Chromosomes rod-...

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  • October 2, 2024
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  • fad 3220 chapter 2 terms and concepts test questio
  • zygote the new cell formed by the process of fert
  • genes the basic units of genetic information co

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FAD 3220 Chapter 2 Terms and
Concepts Test Questions and Correct
Answers
Zygote ✅the new cell formed by the process of fertilization

Genes ✅the basic units of genetic information
- composed of DNA

DNA ( deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules ✅the substance that genes are composed of
that determines the nature of every cell in the body and how it will function

Chromosomes ✅rod-shaped portions of DNA that are organized in 23 pairs ( 46 total)

Monozygotic twins ✅twins who are genetically identical
- occurs when the zygote splits

Dizygotic twins ✅twins who are produced when two separate ova are fertilized by two
separate sperm at roughly the same time
- occurs when two separate sperms fertilizes two separate eggs

Boy or Girl? ✅in 22 of the 23 matched chromosome pars, each chromosome is similar
to the other member of its pair except the 23rd one
- XX= female
- XY= male

Dominant Trait ✅the one trait that is expressed when two competing traits are present

Recessive Trait ✅a trait within an organism that is present, but is not expressed

Genotype ✅the underlying combination of genetic material present ( but not outwardly
visible) in an organism

Phenotype ✅an observable trait; the trait that is actually seen

Alleles ✅genes governing traits that may take alternate form

Homozygous ✅inheriting from parents similar genes for a given trait

Heterozygous ✅inheriting from parents different forms of a gene for a given trait

, Phenylketonuria ( PKU) ✅an inherited disorder in which a child is unable to make use
of phenylalanine, an essential amino acid

Polygenic inheritance ✅inheritance in which a combination of multiple gene pairs is
responsible for the production of a particular trait

Reaction Range ✅the potential degree of variability in the expression of a trait due to
environmental conditions

X-Linked Genes ✅genes that are considered recessive and located only on the X
chromosome
- males have higher risk for a variety of X-linked disorders- because males lack a
second X chromosome that can counteract the genetic information that produces the
disorder

Hemophila ✅blood disorder, produced by X-linked genes

Behavioral Genetics ✅studies the effect of heredity on behavior and psychological
characteristics

Spontaneous mutation ✅sometimes genes, for some unknown reason, spontaneously
change their form

Down Syndrome ✅a disorder produced by the presence of an extra chromosome on
the 21st pair
- once referred to as mongolism

Fragile X Syndrome ✅a disorder produced by injury to a gene on the X chromosome,
producing a mild to moderate mental mentardation

Sickle-cell Anemia ✅a blood disorder that gets its name from the shape of the red
blood cells

Tay-Sachs disease ✅a disorder that produces blindness and muscle degeneration
prior to death
- there is no treatment

Klinefelter's syndrome ✅a disorder resulting from the presence of an extra X
chromosome that produces underdeveloped genitals, extreme height, and enlarged
breasts

Genetic Counseling ✅focuses on helping people deal with issues relating to inherited
disorders

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