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Saylor Academy Psych101 Exam Study Guide.

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Psych101

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Psych101

©BRAINBARTER 2024/2025 Saylor Academy Psych101 Exam Study Guide. Eugenics Founder - answerGalton Walter Cannon - answerfight or flight Solomon Asch - answerConducted famous conformity experiment that required subjects to match lines. They said lines matched just to conform Genomic imprintin...

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saylor academy psych101 exam study guide

Institution Psych101
Course Psych101

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©BRAINBARTER 2024/2025

Saylor Academy Psych101 Exam Study
Guide.

Eugenics Founder - answer✔Galton

Walter Cannon - answer✔fight or flight

Solomon Asch - answer✔Conducted famous conformity experiment that required subjects to

match lines. They said lines matched just to conform

Genomic imprinting - answer✔Phenomenon by which certain genes are expressed in a parent-of-

origin-specific manner. If the allele inherited from the father is imprinted, it is thereby silenced,

and only the allele from the mother is expressed. If the allele from the mother is imprinted, then

only the allele from the father is expressed.

counterconditioning - answer✔A behavior therapy procedure that conditions new responses to

stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors; based on classical conditioning. Includes exposure

therapies and aversive conditioning.

Antabuse (disulfiram) - answer✔a drug that interferes with the metabolization of alcohol,

making the drinker violently ill. Helps alcoholics

Applied Behavior Analysis - answer✔ABA - the use of operant conditioning principles to

change human behavior. reward positive behavior, negative response to negative behavior

, ©BRAINBARTER 2024/2025

Systematic desensitization (+ founder) - answer✔Wolpe - keep exposing to stimulus

Functionalism (+ founder) - answer✔William James. Darwinian explains mental states and

behaviors by the ways they help an organism fit an environment. *Free will*

Structuralism - answer✔Theory of consciousness developed by Wilhelm Wundt and Edward

Bradford Titchener. how do parts of brain contribute to consciousness? systematic study of the

anatomy of the brain

Developmental noise - answer✔A concept within developmental biology in which phenotype

varies between individuals even though both the genotypes and the environmental factors are the

same for all of them; human fingerprints provide a well-known example; the fingerprints differ

even between genetically identical human twins.

Gene-environment interaction - answer✔Genes are not "set in stone; the expression of genes in

an organism can be influenced by the environment, including the external world in which the

organism is located or develops, as well as the organism's internal world, which includes such

factors as its hormones and metabolism.

Pure experiment - answer✔only experimental design that can establish cause and effect

relationship. Three criteria must be met in a true experiment: 1) Control group and experimental

group, 2) Researcher-manipulated variable, 3) Random assignment

Negative correlation - answer✔When two variables have an inverse relationship; as one variable

increases, the other decreases.

, ©BRAINBARTER 2024/2025

Psychoanalysis - answer✔includes dream interpretation and free association.

Cognitivism - answer✔Study focusing on mental processes, including how people perceive,

think, remember, learn, solve problems, and direct their attention to one stimulus rather than

another. Psychologists working from a cognitivist perspective, then, seek to understand

cognition.

Q: What famous psychologist decided nearly 100 years ago that psychology should be defined as

the scientific study of behavior? - answer✔Watson

Schizophrenia deficits and treatment - answer✔Affects 1% of the population. psych meds.

Decrease in episodic memory, working memory, behavior regulation, processing speed, social

cognition

Q: The best way to explain the complex gene-environment interaction is with the concept of... -

answer✔Nature vs nurture

heritability coefficient - answer✔a measure (derived from a correlation coefficient) of the extent

to which a trait or characteristic is inherited. Oversimplifies role of genes.

polygenetic disorders - answer✔Involves multiple genes, risk goes up with loads of genetic

factors. Hard to predict

Q: Which part of the brain operates as a relay station by receiving input and relaying information

to the cerebral cortex? - answer✔The thalamus

, ©BRAINBARTER 2024/2025

Q: A neuron becomes active and the action potential begins when the charge reaches a certain

level. What is this level called? - answer✔threshold of excitation

Callostomy - answer✔a surgical procedure in which the corpus callosum is severed. Split brain

patient. Can cause eyes and hands to operate independently

Transduction - answer✔The process of converting outside stimuli, such as light, into neural

activity

Q: What type of cells in the retina transmits information out of the eye? - answer✔Ganglion cells

Gestalt Principle of Closure (reitification) - answer✔Preferring complete shapes, we

automatically fill in gaps between elements to perceive a complete image; so, we see the whole

first.

Gestalt law of proximity - answer✔elements that are near each other are likely to be perceived as

part of the same configuration ( likely to see the following as lines of close-together asterisks

than 14 vertical collections of three asterisks each.)

Gestalt principle of continuation - answer✔occurs when the eye is compelled to move through

one object and continue to another object. We like to see lines rather than dashes

Gestalt principle of figure/ground - answer✔distinguish between the objects it considers to be in

the foreground of an image (the figure, or focal point) and the background (the area on which the

figures rest).

Gestalt principle of closure - answer✔We see something with missing parts as a whole

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