Exam (elaborations)
Pathoma: Cardiac Pathology – Questions & Answers
- Course
- Institution
Pathoma: Cardiac Pathology – Questions & Answers
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
LeCrae
Reviews received
Content preview
Pathoma: Cardiac Pathology – Questions & AnswersIschemic Heart Disease (IHD) Right Ans - Group of syndromes *related to
myocardial ischemia*, which is an imbalance between cardiac blood supply
(perfusion) and myocardial oxygen and nutritional requirements.
IHD is the *leading cause of death in the US.*
Usually *due to atherosclerosis* of *coronary arteries* →* decreases blood
flow* to *myocardium*
Risk factors for IHD are similar to those of atherosclerosis; incidence
increases
with age.
Stable Angina Right Ans - *chest pain that arises with exertion* or*
emotional stress*.
1. Due to *atherosclerosis of coronary arteries* with *> 70% stenosis*;
↓*blood flow* is *not able to meet the metabolic demands* of the
*myocardium* during exertion.
2. Represents *reversible injury to myocytes* (*no necrosis*)
3. Presents as * mid-substernal chest pain (lasting < 20 minutes)* that
*radiates to the left arm or jaw*, *diaphoresis*, and SOB.
4. *EKG shows ST-segment depression* due to *subendocardial ischemia*.
5. Relieved by rest or *nitroglycerin*
,Unstable Angina Right Ans - chest pain that *occurs at rest* or *minimal
exertion*.
1. Usually due to *rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque* with *thrombosis and
*incomplete occlusion* of a *coronary artery*.
2. Represents *reversible injury to myocytes* (no necrosis)
3. *EKG shows ST-segment depression* due to *subendocardial ischemia*.
4. Relieved by *nitroglycerin*
5. High risk of progression to myocardial infarction
*Clinical relevance*: *Any change in anginal pattern in the last 2-6 weeks* can
be considered *unstable angina*.
Prinzmetal angina Right Ans - *episodic chest pain unrelated to exertion*.
1. Due to *coronary artery vasospasm*
2. Represents *reversible injury to myocytes* (no necrosis)
3. *EKG shows ST-segment elevation* due to *transmural ischemia*.
4. Relieved by *nitroglycerin* or *calcium channel blockers*
Myocardial Infarction Right Ans - *NECROSIS of cardiac myocytes* Usually
due to *rupture* of an *atherosclerotic plaque* with *thrombosis* and
*COMPLETE OCCLUSION OF CORONARY ARTERY*. Other causes include
, *coronary artery vasospasm* (due to *Prinzmetal angina* or *cocaine* use),
emboli, and* vasculitis *(e.g., *Kawasaki disease*).
Clinical features include *severe*, *crushing chest pain* (lasting *> 20
minutes*) that
*radiates to the left arm or jaw*, *diaphoresis*, and *dyspnea*; symptoms are
*NOT relieved by nitroglycerin*.
Infarction usually involves the *left ventricle (LV)*; right ventricle (RV) and
both atria are generally spared.
Initial phase of infarction leads to *subendocardial necrosis* involving < 50%
of the myocardial thickness (*subendocardial infarction*. *EKG shows ST-
segment depression*, *NSTEMI*
Continued or severe ischemia leads to *transmural necrosis* involving most of
the
myocardial wall (*transmural infarction*); *EKG shows ST-segment
elevation*, *STEMI*.
Coronary vessels most commonly involved in Myocardial Infarction Right
Ans - 1. Occlusion of *left anterior descending artery* (*LAD*) leads to
*infarction of the anterior wall* and *anterior septum of the LV*; MOST
COMMON ARTERY (45% of cases).
2. Occlusion of *right coronary artery (RCA)* leads to *infarction of the
posterior wall*, *posterior septum*, and *papillary muscles of the LV*; RCA is
the 2nd most commonly involved artery in MI.
3. Occlusion of *left circumflex artery* leads to *infarction of lateral wall* of
the *LV*.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller LeCrae. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for CA$32.56. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75323 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now