Class notes

Meiosis

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Course
Biology

Institution
11th Grade

Explains meiosis in depth including homologous pairs, terms for eac part of the cell, the names of each process(egg and sperm), and the phases of meiosis and how it is different from mitosis

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Uploaded on October 8, 2024
Number of pages 4
Written in 2024/2025
Type Class notes
Professor(s) Sandra mceachern
Contains All classes

Institution Secondary school
Education 11th Grade
Course Biology
School year 3

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-Meiosis CREATE GAMETES (sperm and egg cells)

-Chromosomes are made of DNA and proteins

-Chromosomes are in the nucleus (46)

-Regular cells (tissue cells etc.) have 46 chromosomes, gametes only have 23

-When the sperm and the egg (both with 23 chromosomes) come together it makes 46
chromosomes

-Interphase always happens whether its mitosis or meiosis

-Starting cell has 46 chromosomes and they must duplicate before meiosis starts

-Chromosomes are counted by the number of centromeres present

-When the 46 chromosomes duplicate (during interphase) there are still 46 chromosomes
(sister chromatids are still attached) (goes from 46 to 92 CHROMATIDS not chromosomes)

-Chromatin is unraveled chromatids and chromatids are always part of a chromosome

-Each regular cell has 23 homologous pairs (46 chromosomes in total)

-Double division is also used to describe meiosis

-A cell with 46 chromosomes is a diploid cell

-A cell with 23 chromosomes is a haploid cell

Prophase 1:

-Nuclear membrane breaks down and spindle fibres appear

-Chromosomes condense and match up with their homologous pair

-Homologous pair: chromosomes that are about the same size and have the same type
of genes in the same spot

-Synapsis (the chromosomes matching up)

-Crossing over happens (where genetic variation happens)

-transferring genetic information

- cells are no longer genetically identical

-the chromosomes with the new genetic information are called recombinant
(daughter) chromosomes

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