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MCB 3020 Exam 2 Study Guide Questions with Latest Update
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What is the most common mechanism for bacterial cell division? - Answer-Binary fission List the 4 steps of Binary Fission - Answer-1. Elongation of cell 2. Replication of chromosome 3. Separation of chromosomes into 2 parts of cell 4. Formation of septum in middle Define 'Origin of Replica...

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  • October 9, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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MCB 3020 Exam 2 Study Guide
Questions with Latest Update
What is the most common mechanism for bacterial cell division? - Answer-Binary fission

List the 4 steps of Binary Fission - Answer-1. Elongation of cell
2. Replication of chromosome
3. Separation of chromosomes into 2 parts of cell
4. Formation of septum in middle

Define 'Origin of Replication' - Answer-Where replication begins

How many origins of replication do bacterial chromosomes have? - Answer-1

What is cytokinesis? Include brief overview of its four steps. - Answer-Division of a cell
into two via a formation of a septum in the middle of cell

Penicillin-Binding Protein - Answer-Group of proteins that hydrolyze bonds in existing
peptidoglycan strands and link together new strands

N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) - Answer-Major
components of peptidoglycan that bind to a membrane protein called bactoprenol

Autolysins - Answer-Degrade polypeptide where new units are to be added, and the
new NAM-NAG units can then be inserted into peptidoglycan layer

What is crescentin? - Answer-A homologue or eukaryotic intermediate filaments

What are the other forms of asexual reproduction? Define each - Answer-- Budding:
budding off daughter cells; seen in Listeria monocytogenes

- Baeocyte formation: multiple rounds of cell division; seen in Cyanobacteria

- Spore formation: form multinucleoid filaments that ultimately divide to produce spores
with a single nucleus

Bacterial Growth Curve - Answer-- Lag phase: no net growth because; although the
nutrients are abundant, the bacteria are adjusting to new conditions

- Log (exponential) phase: nutrients are abundant, and bacteria divide at their highest
rate

- Stationary phase: number of viable microorganisms is stable because the nutrients
level off and waste products accumulate

, - Death phase: nutrients are depleted, and levels of waste products and toxins are high,
so number of viable microorganisms decreases

- Long-term stationary phase: nutrients are depleted, and waves of genetic variants
come and go; natural selection

T/F: When nutrient levels are low, limitation of microbial growth occurs as a result of
saturation of transport proteins for nutrient uptake - Answer-False; should when levels
are high

What is the generation time (GT)? - Answer-Time it takes the population to double

What phase is it best to calculate GT? - Answer-Log phase

T/F: Cells typically exist in aqueous conditions - Answer-True

Define hypertonic and hypotonic. - Answer-- Hypertonic: one solution has higher
concentration of solutes than another

- Hypotonic: One solution has lower concentration of solutes than another

If a cell is in a hypertonic solution it will ______, while in a hypotonic solution it will
_______ - Answer-Shrink, burst

What are the 3 distinct cardinal growth temperatures for organisms? - Answer--
Minimum: lowest temp at which an org can grow and survive

- Maximum: highest temp at which an org can grow and survive

- Optimal: most suitable temp for bacterial growth

Halophiles - Answer-Grow best in extremely salty environments

Xerophiles - Answer-Grow best in dry conditions

Psychrophiles - Answer-Grow between 0 C and 20 C - refrigeration temperatures

Mesophiles - Answer-Grow between 20 C and 45 C; most human pathogens

Thermophiles - Answer-Grow between 55 C and 85 C

Hyperthermophiles - Answer-Grow between 85 C and 113 C - usually Archaeans

Aerobe - Answer-Grow in presence of atmospheric oxygen

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