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MCB 3020 Exam 4 Study Guide Questions with Correct Answers
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What are the two types of Immunity? - Answer-Innate Immunity and Acquired Immunity What are the major components of Innate Immunity? - Answer-skin, stomach acid, fever, imflamation, phagocytosis, and complement proteins What is Innate Immunity? - Answer-inbuilt immunity to resist infection (n...

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  • October 9, 2024
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MCB 3020 Exam 4 Study Guide
Questions with Correct Answers
What are the two types of Immunity? - Answer-Innate Immunity and Acquired Immunity

What are the major components of Innate Immunity? - Answer-skin, stomach acid,
fever, imflamation, phagocytosis, and complement proteins

What is Innate Immunity? - Answer-inbuilt immunity to resist infection (nonspecific)

What is Acquired Immunity? - Answer-immunity established to resist infection
(specificity, tolerance, memory)

What are the major components of Acquired Immunity? - Answer-

What are the primary lymphatic tissues and organs? - Answer-bone marrow and thymus

What is the primary lymphatic system? - Answer-involved in production, maturation, and
differentiation of lymphocytes

What is the secondary lymphatic system? - Answer-initiate an adaptive immune
response by encountering and binding antigens

What are the secondary lymphatic tissues and organs? - Answer-spleen, lymph nodes,
tonsils, lymphoid tissues, Peyer's patches

What is the function of bone marrow? - Answer-where all immune system components
originate (except complement proteins)

What is the function of the thymus? - Answer-immune system cells develop and
differentiate here after they leave the bone marrow

How is the spleen involved in the immune system? - Answer-it filters the blood for: (1)
dead red blood cells (red pulp)
(2) any sign of infection (white pulp; contains lymphocytes)

How are lymph nodes involved in the immune system? - Answer-pea-sized organs that
filter lymph for the presence of infectious agents (antigens)

Where are lymph nodes found? - Answer-armpit area and groin area

What cells act inside lymph nodes? - Answer-B cells and T cells interact with each other
in the lymph node to process the antigen and initiate a response

,What are the blood-formed elements? - Answer-White Blood cells, Red Blood cells, and
Platelets

What do red blood cells do? - Answer-carry O2 and CO2

What do white blood cells do? - Answer-

What do platelets do? - Answer-involved in blood clotting and inflammation

If your number of neutrophils is high... - Answer-you have bacterial infection

If your number of eosinophils is high... - Answer-you have a parasitic infection

What is the first line of defense? - Answer-nonspecific defense that prevents pathogens
from entering the body

What are the major elements of the first line of defense? - Answer-skin, mucous
membrane, microbial antagonism,and mucociliary escalator

How does the skin defend against pathogens? (4) - Answer-1) perspiration (high salt)
2) secretion of oil (low pH)
3) Lysozyme (destroy cell walls)
4) epidermis (shed dead cells with pathogens)

How does the mucous membrane defend against pathogens? - Answer-continually
sheds dead cells that may contain pathogens

How do microbes on the skin help defend against pathogens? - Answer-they compete
with other microbes for food and space
they also provide vitamins to the host

What are the major components of the second line of defense? - Answer-phagocytosis
extracellular killing (NK cells)
inflammation
fever
complement system

What is the function of a lysosome involved in phagocytosis? - Answer-the lysosome
releases chemicals chemicals that digest the microbe that the phagocytic cell has
engulfed

What chemicals does the lysosome contain? - Answer-hydrolytic enzymes (lipases,
proteases, etc.)
hydrogen peroxide
superoxides
toxic nitrogen intermediaries

, What is inflammation? - Answer-nonspecific response to tissue injury due to infection or
physical means

What are the major characteristics of inflammation? - Answer-redness, capillary dilation,
warmth, pain, swelling recruit phagocytes, restrict pathogens

How is fever produced? - Answer-the body responds to a pathogen by increasing
metabolic activity, increasing muscle contractions, and reducing blood flow to the skin

Which molecules induce fevers? - Answer-Interleukin-1 (signals
bacterial components (toxins and other components)
antibody-antigen complexes

What are molecules that induce fevers called? - Answer-pyrogens

What are complement proteins? - Answer-complement proteins are proteins that
circulate in the blood killing, opsonizing, produce inflammatory compounds, or attract
immune cells

What is opsonization? - Answer-opsonization is the coating of microbes by serum
proteins

What is the effect of opsonization? - Answer-facilitate phagocytosis

What are three opsonins? - Answer-antibodies
complement proteins
acute phase proteins (CRP and MBL)

What are is the second line of defense? - Answer-set nonspecific defenses that attack
all pathogens in a similar fashion

What are antigens? - Answer-foreign molecules that elicit an immune response and B
cells and T cells are activated in response to each specific antigen

What are the major characteristics of antigens? - Answer-large, complex molecules
can have several epitopes (antigenic determinant sites)

What is the third line of defense? - Answer-forms the body's acquired immune
response, which conveys specific immunity

What are the major characteristics of the third line of defense? - Answer-tolerance and
recognition of self vs. non-self
specificity
heterogeneity
memory

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