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UF MCB 3020-Exam #3 Questions with Correct Answers
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study guide Q: by what mechanisms does horizontal gene transfer occur? - Answer-occurs via three mechanisms-conjugation, transformation, and transduction-evolved by bacteria to create recombinants what do these mechanisms depend on? - Answer-a recombination t/f: genes can only be transferred ...

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  • October 9, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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UF MCB 3020-Exam #3 Questions with
Correct Answers
study guide Q: by what mechanisms does horizontal gene transfer occur? - Answer-
occurs via three mechanisms-conjugation, transformation, and transduction-evolved by
bacteria to create recombinants

what do these mechanisms depend on? - Answer-a recombination

t/f: genes can only be transferred to a the species with horizontal gene transfer -
Answer-false; different species as well

study guide Q:define bacterial conjugation - Answer-a direct contact between cells via a
connection that results in the transfer of genes from one cell to the other

study guide Q: what does conjugation depend on? - Answer-cell to cell contact that's
mediated by F pilus (a type of IV secretion mechanism), and rolling circle replication of
plasmid

define HFR - Answer-high frequency recombination

why are transposons called jumping genes? - Answer-because these genes can jump
from plasmid to chromosome, and vice versa

study guide Q: define transformation - Answer-form of horizontal gene transfer in which
a dead cell's pieces of DNA are engulfed by another cell incorporated into the genome
of another cell's chromosome

homologous recombination - Answer-replacing a gene with an identical or similar gene

what is cell competence? - Answer-a cell treated with calcium chloride, making it more
porous, which allows the cell to more easily incorporate new DNA from the outside

study guide Q:define transduction - Answer-form of horizontal gene transfer; mediated
by a virus, in which a virus infects a bacterial cell, makes more virus cells, then exits the
host cell, carrying with it a piece of DNA from the host cell.

define lytic cycle - Answer-typical virus replication cycle

define provirus (or prophage) - Answer-when the virus incorporates itself in the
chromosome of the host cell

study guide Q: define generalized transduction - Answer-transduction in which a
random piece of DNA from the old host cell is transferred to the new host cell

,study guide Q: define specialized transduction - Answer-transduction in which a piece of
DNA from a specific region of the old host cell's chromosome is transferred to the
same/similar specific region of the new host cell

t/f: bacterial transformation is rare - Answer-true

define genomics - Answer-the study of molecular organization of genomes, their
information content, and gene products they encode

study guide Q: divisions of genomics - Answer-structural genomics(physical nature of
genes), functional genomics(how genome functions), and comparative
genomics(compares genomes of different organisms)

study guide Q: define bioinformatics - Answer-analysis of genome data using computers
in which data on genome content, structure, arrangement and protein structure and
function is generated; annotation determines location of genes on newly sequenced
genome, and further examination is carried out using in silico analysis.

study guide Q: define gene annotation - Answer-process that locates genes in the
genome map, and attempts to identify every potential protein, rRNA, and tRNA
encoding gene, usually by first identify each as an open reading frame (ORF) in a
genome

coding sequences (CDS) - Answer-ORFs presumed to encode proteins

define paralogs - Answer-two or more genes found alike in the same genome that likely
arose from gene duplication

define orthologs - Answer-two or more genes very similar in different organisms that are
predicted to have same function

define motif - Answer-a short pattern of amino acids that may represent a functional unit
within the protein, such as the active site of an enzyme

study guide Q: define proteomics - Answer-the study of the proteome, the entire
collection of proteins that an organism produces, which provides information about
genome function not available from mRNA studies.

define structural proteomics - Answer-a second branch of proteomics used to determine
the 3-D structures of proteins

define functional proteomics - Answer-information that determines what is actually
happening in cell

, define metabolomics - Answer-identifies all the small-molecule metabolites in a cell at a
given time and allows an assessment of a cell's physiological status

define lipidomics - Answer-determines a cell's lipid profile at a given time and allows an
assessment of how the environment affects a cell's membrane

what method is used to study proteins - Answer-two-dimensional gel electrophoresis

define genetic engineering - Answer-deliberate modification of organism's genetic
information by directly changing the sequence of nucleic acids in its genome.

Explain sticky fragments of DNA - Answer-cutting DNA in such a way, that each strand
can overlap and complimentary to each other, so that the strand can be sealed back
together with ligase

what is reverse transcriptase - Answer-RNA dependent, DNA polymerase. Synthesizes
double-stranded DNA from RNA template and is used to construct complementary DNA
(cDNA).

explain southern blotting technique - Answer-used gel electrophoresis to separate DNA,
making it possible to detect specific DNA fragments.

define probes - Answer-DNA fragments labeled with something (like radioactivity) to
identify the gene desired on the nitrocellular paper.

Explain PCR - Answer-Rapid amplification of a specific DNA fragment from a complex
mixture of DNA and other cellular components

requirements of PCR - Answer-primer, target DNA, an enzyme that will function at high
heat (like Taq polymerase), each of the deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates, and a
thermocycler

t/f: in PCR, isolation is a required step - Answer-false

how does gel electrophoresis separate fragments? - Answer-based on their charge and
molecular weight

how does the molecular weight correlate with the length of travel in electrophoresis? -
Answer-the heavier the compound, the slower the speed and the shorter the distance

name two gels that can be used to separate DNA fragments - Answer-agarose, and
acrylamide

study guide Q:explain Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)? - Answer-a
type of genomic fingerprinting that's used for microbial classification and determination
of phylogenetic relationships; it

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