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BIO 345 Final Exam | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions)

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BIO 345 Final Exam | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions) Which pattern best characterizes the history of extinctions on Earth? A. An increasing per capita background extinction rate B. Five major mass extinctions and several lesser episodes of heightened extinction rates C. Three major ma...

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extinctions on earth
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BIO 345 Final Exam

Which pattern best characterizes the history of extinctions on Earth?

A. An increasing per capita background extinction rate
B. Five major mass extinctions and several lesser episodes of heightened extinction
rates
C. Three major mass extinctions and several lesser episodes of heightened extinction
rates
D. Three major mass extinctions and a low background extinction rate
E. An increase in the number of mass extinctions over time

Based on the video on Evolutionary Medicine, which of the following choices is an
incorrect pairing of disease and ethnic background?

A. High HIV resistance in Europeans
B. Low Alzheimer’s rates in Caucasians
C. High sickle-cell rates in Africans
D. Low Asthma rates in Asians

Which of the following species interactions is most likely to accompany the existence of
zombies?

A. Predator-Prey
B. Herbivory
C. Parasite-Host
D. mutualism

Which mode of speciation involves intermediate levels of gene flow?

A. Allopatric speciation
B. Sympatric speciation
C. Parapatric speciation
D. Founder effect speciation
E. Cytological divergence

How do evolutionary biologists view the notion of biological "progress"?

A. Evolution proceeds toward a goal (teleology).
B. Lasting evolutionary progress does not occur because of cyclical phenomena, such
as iterative mass extinctions.
C. Progress can be measured by levels of hierarchical organization among individuals

,of the same species.
D. Objective definitions of progress are fraught with difficulty, as the processes that
drive evolution have no mechanism for foresight.
E. Progress can be measured by how much a given species resembles Homo sapiens.

Which term suggests that we often confuse what is with what one ought to do? For
example, stealing resources from other members of the same species is common. It is
natural but not condonable.

A. Kin Selection
B. Dual-inheritance Theory
C. Gene-Culture Coevolution
D. Naturalistic Fallacy

Which of the following is most likely to favor the evolution of highly virulent parasites?

A. Transmission between unrelated members of the population
B. Transmission from parent to offspring
C. Multilevel selection (both within and among populations, occupying different hosts)
D. Strong effects on a subset of a population with a specific susceptible genotype
E. Mutualism between hosts and parasites

In North America, hawthorn trees were the ancestral hosts of the apple maggot fly (
Rhagoletis pomonella). In the last 150 years, however, cultivated apples have become a
host for some populations of R. pomonella. What factor may have allowed the
colonization of apples as a new host plant, and thus subsequent disruptive selection
based on resource use?

A. Apples and hawthorns are commonly cultivated together in New England.
B. Intense pesticide use in some hawthorn-producing regions forced the flies to seek
new hosts.
C. Apple trees and hawthorns are sister species and thus produce fruit with similar
characteristics.
D. The timing of reproduction in Mexican hawthorn feeding populations overlaps with
apple fruiting in the Northeast.
E. In the Southeast, a blight killed hawthorn populations, and small populations of flies
were able to adapt to apple use.

Refer to the figure showing the phylogeny of some of the living apes. According to the
figure, which organism is the closest living relative to humans?

A. bonobo
B. gorilla
C. bonobos and chimpanzees, equally
D. gorillas and bonobos equally
E. chimpanzees

, Based on what we know about the version of the EPAS1 gene that most Tibetans
possess, what can we likely infer about the ancient Denisovan hominins?

A. They had light skin
B. They had dark skin
C. They lived at low altitudes, likely close to sea level
D. They lived at high altitudes

Which of the following is not one of the three types of the "extended phenotype"
presented by Richard Dawkins?

A. The aspect of the phenotype that improves through the process of an evolutionary
arms race
B. The ability of an animal to construct architectural forms from its environment
C. Parasites can manipulate the behaviors of their hosts to create a distinct advantage
D. The behavioral phenotype of the host can be manipulated by the parasite even if it is
associated with the host

The biological species concept has been widely adopted, but it also has some practical
difficulties. Which of the following is not one of these difficulties?

A. The concept is poorly defined.
B. The concept cannot be applied to extinct species.
C. Many populations are allopatric.
D. The concept does not apply to clonal organisms.
E. Testing reproductive isolation in the lab is not always feasible.

The Red Queen hypothesis proposes the following relationship between taxon age and
extinction:

A. Lineages become more resistant to extinction the longer they have been present.
B. Rates of extinction vary substantially between different groups of organisms.
C. Immediately after speciation, risk of extinction is very high, but it eventually levels
out.
D. Rate of extinction of taxa is fairly constant over time.
E. Rates of extinction vary substantially between different groups of organisms, and
lineages become more resistant to extinction the longer they have been present.

Why do scientists reject the use of evolution and genetics to support racists' ideologies?

A. The concept of race is largely useless in a biological context and is really a social
myth.
B. It is factually incorrect to claim that some populations are "higher," "superior," or
"more evolved" than others.
C. Studies of human genetics show that the majority of genetic variation is within
populations, not among populations.

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