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Ethics and the future of business session 1/4 (1.1 / 1.2 / 2.1 / 2.2) slide questions and reflection questions 100% Correct!!

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Ethics and the future of business\\\\

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Ethics And The Future Of Business\\\\

Explain normative theories - ANSWERReflect on how normative theories can help shape decisions Explain the economic view - ANSWERThe motive of human decision-making int heir own economic interest and well-being. Humans are perceived as rational Explain some of the economic views in practice - ANSW...

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ethics and the future of business session 14 11
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Institution Ethics and the future of business
Course Ethics and the future of business

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Ethics and the future of business
session 1/4 (1....2) slide
questions and reflection questions
100% Correct!!

Explain normative theories - ANSWERReflect on how normative theories can help shape decisions

Explain the economic view - ANSWERThe motive of human decision-making int heir own economic
interest and well-being. Humans are perceived as rational

Explain some of the economic views in practice - ANSWERPeople care about their economic interest

People consider the interest of people cose

People will sacrifice their own economic interest to help those who are friendly and punish
unfriendly pepole

People consider the welfare of strangers when making decision

People are interested in their reputation

People care aabout their self image

Define the ethical decision making proces - ANSWER- Individual factors

1. Recognize moral issue

2. Make moral Judgement

3. Establish moral intent

4. engage in moral behavior

- Situational facots

What are some individual factors relating to the decision making process? - ANSWERAge and gender

Education and employment

Psychological factors

cognitive moral development (Kohlberg's stages: 1. reward and punishment, 2. social expectations, 3.
autonomous thinking) and locus of control

,Personal values and integrity: holding your own ethical values

→ whistleblowing

Moral imagnation

Explain the phases of cognitive moral development - ANSWERcognitive moral development
(Kohlberg's stages: 1. reward and punishment, 2. social expectations, 3. autonomous thinking) and
locus of contro

Why's experience important in the development of ethical decision making? - ANSWERExperience:
Revisiting mental models and being able to apply it to new situations

Explain locus of control and it's influence on ethical decision making - ANSWERLocus of control:
where do you put the control

→ where do you set the responsibility?

→ blaming the world/outside conditions or yourself

→ No impact on ethical decisions, but it does on level of feedback

What are some differences in countries and cultures according to Hofstede? - ANSWERNatural and
cultural characteristics

Highly criticsed in social studies

Individualism/collectivism

power distance

uncdertainty avoidance

masculinity/femininity

long-term/short-term time orientation

Indulgence

Individualistic background supports independent decision-making.

Collectivist background can lead to mirroring the common morality.

Hierarchy can lead to following an executive's orders.

Explain intercultural divisions - ANSWERWithin cultures there is a division between individualing and
binding moral orietnations, which cause culture wars

Explain situational factors in ethics - ANSWERSituational factors in ethics

Situational factors are seen to affect ethical decisionmaking more than individual factors

Situational factors → individual factors

,Which factors does the moral intensity depend up on? - ANSWERSystem of rewards: concretizes
ethics

Authority: affect behavior

Bureauracy: soffocates moral autonomy, makes morality instrumental

Work roleS: create expectations → titles which matter in role

Organizational culture: provides context and direction for decisions making → also demonstrated in
incentives

National and cultural behavior: context → in which context are we in depending on the context

Explain an ethical dilemma - ANSWERsituations which is experiences as uneasy where you have to
choose between two or more actions and these options involve moral/ethical aspects

What are some forms of Unintentional decision-making within the moral aspects? - ANSWERimplicit
forms of prejudice → recruitment processes etc

bias that favors one's own group → small acts in one group add up

tendency to overclaim credit

conflict of interest → financialy incentivized to increase or prolong business

Which cognitive biases explain some of the mistakes people make in judging things? -
ANSWERanchoring

blind-spot bias

choice-supportive bias

clustering illusion

confirmation bias → political views on climate change

convervatism bias

Explain pro-innovation Bias - ANSWERalways looking for new technology over taking other things
away

stereotyping: expecting a group or person hto have certain aualitieis without having real information
about the persons

What are some of the cornerstones to building an ethical company? - ANSWER• Beyond onboarding
and codes of conduct Work as an effective place for ethical learning

• Experience allows us to refine our mental models

See work as a moral laboratory with experiential training

• Psychological safety and reflection are key

Institutionalize group discussions and ethical pre‐ and postmortems

• Focus on serving others

Institutionalize corporate volunteerism and connect to beneficiaries

, • Encourage mentorship

Incorporate ethics in formal mentorship programs

What are the key concepts in modernist theories according to 1.1 Crane, A., Matten, D., Glozer, S. &
Spence, L. 2019. - ANSWERKey Concepts:

Normative ethical theory

Ethical Egoism

Utilitarianism

Ethics Of Duty

Categorical imperative

Human rights

Justice

Social contract

Virtue ethics

Ethic Of Care

Discourse ethics

Postmodern ethics

What are normative ethics and ethical theories? (Crane, A., Matten, D., Glozer, S. & Spence, L. 2019.)
- ANSWERNormative ethical theories: Rules, guidelines, principles, and approaches that determine
right and wrong. Ethical theories that aim to prescribe the morally correct way of acting; that is, how
we ought to behave. code of conduct that all rational beings would adhere to.

Descriptive morality = applies to a code of conduct adopted by a particular group or society; it may
be the guidelines of a religion, for instance

Explain ethical absolutism (Crane, A., Matten, D., Glozer, S. & Spence, L. 2019.) - ANSWEREthical
absolutism. On one side of the spectrum would be a position of ethical absolut- ism, which claims
that there are eternal, universally applicable moral principles. Accord- ing to this view, right and
wrong are objective qualities that can be rationally determined, irrespective of the circumstances.

Explain ethical relativism (Crane, A., Matten, D., Glozer, S. & Spence, L. 2019.) - ANSWEREthical
relativism. The other extreme would be a position of relativism, which claims that morality is context-
dependent and subjective. there are no universal right and wrongs that can be rationally
determined- it simply depends on the traditions, convictions, or practices of those making the
decision. Still a normative theory.

Explain normative ethical theories and religion (Crane, A., Matten, D., Glozer, S. & Spence, L. 2019.) -
ANSWER1. Source of rules and principles. Religions typically invoke a deity or an organized system of
belief (e.g. the teachings in the Qu'ran or the Talmud) as the source of determining right and wrong.
Faith is considered the critical requisite for acting ethically. Philosophi- cal theories, on the other

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Exam (elaborations)

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