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BIO 2400 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS AND NOTES FALL 2024/2025.

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BIO 2400 (BIO2400)

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Queen’s University (QU )

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bio 2400
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which of the following sentences is false about ho

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BIO 2400 FINAL EXAM NOTES
Emphasis on Middy TWO

PRACTICE EXAM MC QUESTIONS

1. Which of the following sentences is FALSE about Homo neanderthalensis?
o Their brains were either larger or the same proportion size to our own (depending on
study) and had larger areas devoted to vision and hearing
o They were hunters of large game and their diet was rich in meat
o They painted figurative images of animals and made sophisticated sculptures of feminine
forms
o Is believed that H. neanderthalnesis hybridized with H. sapiens

2. According to fossil and molecular
evidence, Homo neanderthalensis and H. sapiens are two independent lineages that
descended from a common ancestor.
o True
o False

3. There is evidence that populations of Homo sapiens from Europe and Asia share about
2% of their alleles with H. neanderthalensis indicating that ____?
o They share a common ancestor
o They hybridized during their coexistence
o They’re not really distinct phylogenetic and morphogenic species
o 1 and 2
o 2 and 3

4. Which of the statements is true about the respective species concept?
o The morphological species concept can only be used on extinct organisms
o The biological species concept is easily applied to all organisms, from bacteria to
vertebrates
o The phylogenetic species concept defines a species to be a paraphyletic lineage of
individuals that all possess a synapomorphy
o The biological species concept is defined as the set of populations of individuals that
interbreed or could potentially interbreed with one another yet are reproductively
isolated from all other sets of populations

, 5. What is a ring species?
o A species whose geographic distribution spans the entire globe at the equator only
because it is most well adapted to the tropical conditions
o A circular series of population of a species which can interbreed with the closest
neighbouring population but populations at extreme ends of the geographic range can no
longer interbreed
o A species whose migration patterns match the circular currents found in the north Atlantic
Ocean
o Any species of elongate, worm-like organisms with ring-shaped body segments produced
from convergent Hox gene evolution

6. Which of the following best describes allopatric speciation?
o Speciation where allometry (change in shape with size) of traits in two subpopulations
determines whether or not interbreeding can occur
o Speciation whereby divergent ecological pressures in the same environment can cause a
population to diverge into two or more populations with some gene flow between them
(0 > m > 0.5)
o Speciation whereby allopolyploidy creates reproductive barriers between two populations
o Speciation whereby geographical separation of one population into multiple populations
(by vicariance or other geological events) prevents interbreeding and results in
independent evolution in each. There is NO gene flow (m = 0) between the multiple
populations

7. How can barriers to gene flow between two separated populations separated by
vicariance or a founder effect (m=0) evolve without natural selection directly acting on
traits contributing to reproductive isolation? Of the following statements, which are
true:
1 Selection for opposing values of an ecological trait in the two populations, cannot possibly
contribute to barriers to reproduction
2 They cannot, only natural selection can create barriers to gene flow strong enough to
prevent two populations from merging into one species
3 Genetic drift in the two populations could fix different alleles at a locus or loci that make
interbreeding between those two populations impossible later after they come into contact
again.
4 A mutation in one of the two populations might have pleiotropic effects that makes
interbreeding between the two populations impossible after the they come into contact again.

o 3 and 4

, o 1 and 2
o 1 and 3
o 1 and 4

8. Why do many phenotypic traits have a continuous distribution rather than fitting into
non-overlapping categories?
o Because phenotypic traits are a result of dominance interactions among alleles
o Because phenotypic traits are influenced only by the environment
o Because phenotypic traits are often affected by large numbers of genetic loci and
environment
o Because phenotypic traits aren’t related to genotypes

9. Which of these statements about narrow sense heritability (h²) is TRUE?
o Narrow sense heritability can be estimated by comparing allele frequencies at
quantitative trait loci among offspring and their parents using regression
o The numerator of narrow sense heritability includes additive, dominant and epistatic gene
effects
o The numerator of narrow sense heritability includes only the additive effects of alleles
o Narrow sense heritability only includes the epistatic effects of alleles
o None of the above is a true statement

10. The breeder’s equation incorporates two variables that must be non-zero for evolution
by natural selection to take place. Which two?
o Variation in phenotypic traits (R) and the narrow sense heritability (h²)
o Difference between the mean trait values between individuals that survive long enough to
reproduce and the value for the entire population (S) and the narrow sense heritability
(h²)
o Greater survival (S) and reproduction (R) of phenotypes with specific alleles
o Heritability of additive alleles (h²) and the evolutionary response of the population (R)
o None of the above demonstrate evolution

11. If age of sexual maturation is a phenotypically plastic trait with a heritability of zero,
which of the following relationship(s) would you expect to find?
o A genotype differs in the age at first reproduction across different environments
o Body size affects the age at which genotypes reproduce which differs in different
environment
o Environmental conditions (such as nutrition) affect the age at which individuals begin
reproducing
o All of the above

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Exam (elaborations)

BIO 2400 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS AND NOTES FALL 2024/2025.

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