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Sports Psychology Exam 1 – Questions with Accurate Solutions
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Sports Psychology Exam 1 –Questions with Accurate Solutions
What is sports psychology? - -the application of psychological principles to
sport and exercise settings
-began with its focus on sports only, and then added exercise recently
-What are the goals of Sports Psychology? - -1. To enhance/improve athletic
performance and ability to control emotions
2. To understand how participating in sports affects individual's psychological
development and their health and well-being
(how to work with others, discipline and hard work, goal setting and time
management)
3. To understand the psychological effects of exercise and promote
individual's health and well being by promoting exercise adherence
(improves positive mood, coping with stress, and increase body image)
-Historical Origins of Sports Psychology - -Norman Triplett (1897)- IU
conducted the first social psychology study in a sport setting. Cyclists rode in
3 conditions alone, cooperatively, or in competition. Result: rode faster with
others; fastest in competition.
Coleman Griffith (1920-1930) "Father of Sport Psychology"
-started first sports psycho laboratory: studied arousal, attention,
motivation, effects of exercise on longevity and disease resistance
-Published 2 books: psych of coaching and Psych of athletics
Bruce Ogilvie and Thomas Tutko:
-Published "probelm athletes and how to deal with him"
-includes Athletic motivation inventory, the first personality test that
developed specifically for athletes
-communication, dedication, discipline, hard work
-1930's-1960's Growth of Sports Psychology in the United States - --
Griffith's Lab closed in 1930 due to lack of funding -Depression in the US hit
during this time
-Not much happened between 1930-1960 in sports psychology
-increased interest in enhancing athletic performance during the cold war
leads to the growth of sport psychology in the US
-rise of the soviet union cases tension b/w east and west
-the only way we were able to compete was against the soviets through
sports
-Timeline of Sports Psychology - -established in 1979: Journal of Sports
Psychology
, American Psychological Association- established a sport psychology division
1987
-US Olympic committee began hiring sports psychologists as consultants
-More colleges are now hiring sports psychologists
-Clinical Sports psychologist - -have graduate degrees in clinical/ counseling
psychology and have additional training in sport and exercise settings
-can treat individuals with emotional disorders such as depression, eating
disorders, and substance abuse
-Education Sports Psychologists - -have training in sport psychology, sport
and exercise science, and kinesiology
-primary focus is on the psychological factors that affect performance
(attention, arousal, motivation, team dynamics)
-Personality and how it relates to sport psychology - -individual's unique set
of consistent behavioral traits
-allows to predict our own behavior and that of others
-personality is one of the most widely studied topics in sport psychology
-Athletic Motivation Inventory - --Developed by Bruce Ogilvie and Thomas
Tutko
-1st personality test developed to use with athletes
- Measures a number of personality traits that are thought to be related to
athletic achievement
-leadership, coachability, mental toughness, drive, confidence, and
competitiveness
-Player- Positions Personality Differences - -Volleyball Players: broad
internal focus
-need to be able to think about several things at one time in order to know
the right plays to call
Football Players:
-offensive and defensive backs --> flexible and adaptable
-linesmen--> organized and practical
-Personality traits of athletes: Female vs. Male and Team athlete vs.
Individual athlete - -Male's Traits:
-competitiveness
-high self confidence
-extroversion
-low anxiety
-aggressive/assertive
Female Traits:
-independent
-achievement orientation
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