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NURS 3106 Fundamentals Exam 2 Questions And 100% Correct Answers
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NURS 3106 Fundamentals Exam 2 Questions And100% Correct Answers
What are the four basic elements of normal movement? - ANSWER - Body alignment
(posture)
- Joint mobility
- Balance
- Coordinated movement
Body Alignment - ANSWER - brings body parts into a position that promotes optimal
balance and body function
- refers to the relationship of one body part to another along a horizontal or vertical line
correct alignment involves positioning in which no undue stress is placed on a person's
joints, tendons, ligaments, or muscles thereby maintain appropriate muscle tone and
contribute to balance
What does the ability to participate in usual physical activity and exercise depend on?
ANSWER intact and functioning nervous and musculoskeletal systems
if you do not utilize proper body mechanics and principles both nurse and patient can be
injured
Center of Gravity - ANSWER - is balanced over a wide, stable base of support and a
vertical line falls from the center of gravity through the base of support
- if this does not happen the body loses balance
Coordinated body movement is a result of ________. - ANSWER - weight
- center of gravity
- balance
,Coordinated movement - ANSWER -complex mechanisms
- proprioception: Awareness of posture, movement, changes in equilibrium
Proprioception-knowledge of position, weight, resistance of objects in relation to body
- ex stork stance and romberg test(close eyes and stand still)
Friction - ANSWER -is a force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement
Friction reduction by: decrease an objects surface area or patient cross arms when
pulling up in bed, get the patient to bend legs and push to reduce friction and use air
assist devices when preforming lateral patient transfers
Activity Tolerance - ANSWER - or the type and amount of exercise or activity that the
patient is able to preform
-physiological, emotional, and developmental factors influence this
Isotonic exercises- ANSWER -involve a muscle contraction and a change in muscle
length
-ex: ADLs and conditioning exercises: walking, swimming, dance aerobics, jogging,
bicycling, and moving arms and legs with light resistance
-benefits: enhance circulatory and respiratory functioning; muscle mass, tone, and
strength; and stimulate osteoblastic activity, maintain joint flexibility and circulation
-Heart rate and cardiac output increase
Isometric Exercises-ANSWER-are executed by tensing or tightening muscles without the
movement of body parts
- ex: quad set exercises, contraction of gluteal muscles
- benefits: increased muscle mass, tone, and strength-decrease muscle wasting,
increased circulation to the involved body part, and increased osteoblastic activity
- can be used for patients who do not tolerate increased activity, immobilized patients
can preform these in bed
- Heart rate and cardiac output mildly increase no apparent increase of blood flow to
other parts of the body
, Resistive Isometic Exercises - ANS - exercises in which the individual contracts the
muscle while pushing against a stationary object or resisting the movement of and
object
- ex: pushups, hiplifting and footboards
- benefits: promote muscle strength, provide sufficient stress against bone to promote
osteoblastic activity
Aerobic - ANS - activity during which the amount of O2 taken in the body is greater than
that used to preform the activity
- improve cardiovascular conditioning and physical fitness
- Ex: kickboxing
Anaerobic - ANSWER - activity in which the muscles cannot draw enough O2 from the
bloodstream
- anaerobic pathways are used to provide additional energy for a short time
- used in endurance training for athletes
What functions do bones preform? What is the most important to body mechanics? -
ANSWER - support, mineral storage, protection, movement, and hemtopoises (blood cell
formation)
- support and movement
Joints - ANSWER is the connection between bones
-classified according to its structure and degree of mobility
Fibrous Joints - ANSWER -fit closely together and are fixed, permitting little if any
movement
Cartilaginous joints - ANSWER have little movement but are elastic and use cartilage to
unite separate body surfaces
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