Class notes

Modern History

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Course
332-301-VA (200)

Institution
Vanier College ( )

This document includes all of my class notes from 2022 for my Modern History class. The topics we covered are as follows: - Age of Progress in the West - Age of Progress in the Non-West (Africa, Latin-America, Asia) -La Belle Epoque -First World War -Early 20th Century Revolutions -Russian R...

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Uploaded on October 12, 2024
Number of pages 83
Written in 2021/2022
Type Class notes
Professor(s) Eric lamoureux
Contains All classes

history
la belle epoque
first world war
russian revolution
early 20th century revolutions
age of progress in the west and non west
postwar 1920s in the west and non west
the great depression and rise

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Tuesday, August 23, 2022

What’s News?
Roman Empire (1st c. BCE-5th c. CE)
- Rise in Christianity

Rome fell - Dark Ages
- Rising popularity of the Christian Church
- Germanic Barbarians

In Asia, China- Tang Dynasty (7-10th c. CE)
- Art, trade, technology, bureaucracy
- Buddhism, Daoism

In India, the rise of the Guptas (4-6th c. CE)
- Hinduism

In the 7th c. CE - Rise of Islam
- Middles East, Africa, Asia
- From Africa, the Muslims sought gold
- Empires of Ghana and Mali

11th c. CE, the Crusades
- Between the Muslims and the Christians
- Increase in trade between the East and West

14th c. CE - the Black Death in Europe
- Beginnings of the Renaissance in Italy
- Humanism
- Progress in acceptable

Increase in trade- Africa and Americas
- Portugal and Spain (15th-16th c. CE)
- Death of the 90% of Americas

Rise of the Slave trade across the Atlantic
- Decline in Africa
- Increase in trade with China (Qing dynasty, 1644-1912)
- Japan, Tokugawa Shogunate (17th-19th c. CE)

In India, Hinduism is on a decline
- Taken over by the Mughal Empire (Muslim)

, - Open to other religions (16-17th c. CE)

Increase in trade means increase in wealth
- Class divide
- Corruption
- Led to the Reformation (Protestant Christianity)

16th c. CE Rise of the Scientific Revolution and the Age of Enlightenment
- New ideas

Thursday, August 25, 2022

Once Upon A Time

Thomas Crapper
Robert Koch/ Louis Pasteur
Le Bon Marché
Karl Marx
Pierre Proudhon/ Michael Bakunin
Napoleon III
Crimean War
Otto Von Bismark
Franco-Prussian War

New ideas, 18th c.
- John Locke, English, Philosopher, 17-18th
- Lived during the Glorious Revolution( no one died)
- Humans are born “tabula rasa” (neutral, free, equal)

Rights:
- Life
- Liberty
- Property

You are in a social contract
- You give the right to the above to the government
- You have the right to overthrow abusive, incompetent government
- Liberalism
- Education leads to progress

Locke’s notion of liberalism led to the American Revolution and the French Revolution
- Declaration of Independence
- Amendment of Independence

,18th c, Rise of the Industrial Revolution in Britain
- Machines replacing people
- They made cotton fabric technology and steam technology

CONCEPT OF PROGRESS

- Wealth
- Education
- Rights
- Improvement of society
- Science, technology
- Democracy

Progress during the Industrial Revolution required exploitation
- Cheap labour
- Cheap food (potatoes, tea, sugar)
- Cheap raw materials (from colonies in Africa, Asia, the Caribbeans)

Age of Progress in the West

17th c. - 1870’s

A lot more progress, liberalism and trade
- Increased industrialization
- Increase in cities, 19th c (London then: 1 million people; London now: 4.7 million) (Paris:
600,000-3.6 million

In 1850, half of Britain is Urban

City problems
- Crowding
- Disease (Cholera, in 1830’s Britain, 50,000 died) (Tuberculosis, Smallpox)
- Crime

Bourgeoisie - middle class demanded solutions based on progress
- Metal containers for garbage (invented by a man called Eugene Poubelle)

Thomas Crapper, British, plumber, 1850’s
- Invented the U-Bend toilet(te)
- Led to sewer systems and piped water (Montreal, 1852)

, Medicine
- Edward Jenner (Vaccination, 1796)
- Germ Theory by Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur, 1850’s-1880’s

Ignate Semmelweis, Austria
- Wash hands

Joseph Lister, 1867
- Antiseptic surgery

Introduction of police forces by Robert Peel, London, 1850’s (Nicknamed Bobbies)

In the cities, the industrialists want their own progress (more money)
- Advertising (Soap was the first advertised product)
- Department stores (open to the public, convenient, price tag, sales)

Le Bon Marché, the first department store in Paris, 1852

(Progress)

Industrials still relied on cheap labour
- Workers formed trade unions, 1840’s
- Demanded decent working conditions and the right to vote

(Progress)

Some workers reacted against liberalism and private property
- All people should share and cooperate

Humans are born good and reasonable
- They can build a better society together with reason
- Government intervention in society and economy can lead to progress

Most famous socialist:
Karl Marx, German, philosopher, journalist, sociologist, historian (Deeply anti-liberal, anti-
nationalism)
- Felt history = classes in conflict
1. Aristocracy (power to the rich)
2. Bourgeoisie
3. Proletarians (working class)

Exploited workers will revolt violently
- Kill the upper classes and take power and share
- Classless society

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