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NCE/CPCE RESEARCH AND PROGRAM EVAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
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NCE/CPCE RESEARCH AND PROGRAM EVAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED Paradigm a way of viewing the world (or "analytic lens" akin to a set of glasses) and a framework from which to understand the human experience Positivism A research paradigm developed in the late 17t...

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  • October 12, 2024
  • 52
  • 2024/2025
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NCE/CPCE RESEARCH AND PROGRAM EVAL EXAM

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE

SOLUTIONS VERIFIED

Paradigm


a way of viewing the world (or "analytic lens" akin to a set of glasses) and a framework from which to

understand the human experience


Positivism


A research paradigm developed in the late 17th century of the Age of Enlightenment.



The positivist paradigm of exploring social reality is based on the idea that one can best gain an

understanding of human behaviour through observation and reason.



Universal Truth is based on experience of senses and can be obtained by observation and experiment



Similar to quantitative research.


Post-positivism


truth can only be approximated because of inherent errors present when measuring reality



more prevalent in quantitative research.

,measurement error in terms of validity and reliability is emphasized.



For example, people seem to know what they ate for breakfast even though they have faulty memories.


Quantitative Research


Research that provides data that can be expressed with numbers, such as ranks or scales.


Constructivism Paradigm


based on observation and scientific study --

about how people learn.



It says that people construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world, through experiencing

things and reflecting on those experiences.



Qualitative Research


critical/ideological paradigm


focused on power, inequality, and social change.



researchers taking a proactive role and confront the social structure and conditions facing oppressed or

underprivileged groups



qualitative research design


Nazi medical war crimes

,involved exploiting and deceiving prisoners to understand how the human body would react to various

conditions.



paved way for the Nuremberg Code.


Nuremberg Code


a set of 10 research ethics principles for human experimentation.


Belmont Report


1979



ethical principles and guidelines for the protection of human subjects of research



outlined ethical standards in terms of respect for persons, beneficence, and justice.


Milgram Obedience Studies


study of the phenomenon of obedience to an authority figure, examined the effects of punishment on

learning (shock treatment for mistakes, 65% shocked dangerous amounts when ordered).



Learners (milligram's team) pretended to be shocked by the teachers (participants)



There was no debriefing of this study.


Tuskegee Syphilis Study (1932-1972)


Physicians studying the longterm effects of syphilis told 400 AA Males with syphilis they were receiving

treatment for "bad blood". Participants were never informed of actual diagnosis and never received

, penicillin for treatment.



Study, more than others, led to construction of Belmont report and hastened the call for informed

consent, right to withdraw, and guidelines for use of deception.


Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital Study


Unethical study involving injection of cancer cells into subjects without their consent


Willowbrook Study


injected children with hepatitis virus, without parents having option of declining participation, or

knowing long-term effects


ACA Code of Ethics


Ethics and ethical codes exist within a profession to define a framework for conduct within that

profession. While providing general guidelines for counselor behavior in relationships with clients,

ethical codes do not provide specific answers. As a result, the counselor is often faced with ethical

dilemmas that need to be addressed through consultation or supervision with other counseling

practitioners.


The Common Rule (45 CFR 46)


outlines policies and guide researchers who use human subjects.



has specific requirements for the following vulnerable populations such as fetuses, children, and those

with mental disabilities.


HIPPA

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