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MCB 2050 Lecture Notes #1 Exam Questions and Answers | Graded A+
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MCB 2050 Lecture Notes #1 Exam Questions and Answers | Graded A+ Eukaryotes are multicellular. What does this compartmentalization achieve? - Compartmentalization allows for complex eukaryotic gene regulation. What does complexity achieve? - Multiple levels of gene control. Therefore, what do...

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  • October 12, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

MCB 2050 Lecture Notes #1 Exam

Questions and Answers | Graded A+


Eukaryotes are multicellular. What does this compartmentalization

achieve? - ✔✔Compartmentalization allows for complex eukaryotic gene

regulation.

What does complexity achieve? - ✔✔Multiple levels of gene control.

Therefore, what do both compartmentalization and complexity facilitate in

eukaryotes? - ✔✔Complex gene regulation.

Eukaryotes are differentiated and grow at different rates. How is complex

gene regulation advantageous? 2 types of control - ✔✔Spatial control.

Only expresses a specific subset of the genome. Think of tissues and cell

types. Temporal control. Accounts for different developmental stages and

processes. Therefore, their genes must be switched on or off.

Where are the two locations(steps) of gene site regulation? - ✔✔The

sites of regulation are at transcription and protein modification.

, ©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

Why is gene regulation sourced at these two points? - ✔✔@

transcription, this is the most economical in terms of resource and energy

use. @ protein modification, it is a fast response reaction. This occurs in

the cytoplasm where the protein can modify. An example is heat shock

protein.

What are the two factors that induct gene expression? - ✔✔By biological

factors and environmental factors. Examples include steroid and peptide

hormones considering biological factors.

Why is transcription more difficultly controlled in eukaryotes vs

prokaryotes? Key word - ✔✔Eukaryotic genes are sequestered in the

nucleus

What does "sequestered" mean? - ✔✔Since eukaryotes are membrane

bound organelles, environmental factors must be transmitted and received

from the extracellular membrane all the way into the nucleus onto the

chromosome.

How else do eukaryotes have more obstacles when facing gene

regulation? - ✔✔Many eukaryotes are multicellular and environmental

cues have to pass inter cellularly for regulation.

, ©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

Otherwise, consider protein-DNA interaction on gene regulation. Is it

different from prokaryotes? - ✔✔No, it is still positively and negatively

regulated, and transcription factors remain the same.

Consider the induction of gene expression. Give examples? -

✔✔Biological factors and Environmental factors. Specifically with

biological factors, steroid and peptide hormones. Heat Shock is an example

of an environmental factor.

How is gene expression regulated by steroid hormone? - ✔✔Steroid

hormone, a lipid-soluble molecule derived from cholesterol, is able to

permeate the cell membrane.

1. The steroid hormone combines with the receptor protein.

2. The hormone/receptor complex binds to hormone response element in

the DNA.

3. Stimulates transcription.

How is gene expression regulated by peptide hormone? - ✔✔Peptide

hormone, a linear chain of amino acid, is unable to permeate the cell

membrane.

1. The peptide hormone attaches to membrane-bound receptor proteins

and activates.

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