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MCB*2050 Final Exam Key Terms with Complete Solutions
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MCB*2050 Final Exam Key Terms with Complete Solutions Nucleus - Control center of the cell. Contains DNA. Largest organelle. Responsible for 1) compartmentalizations of the cellular genome and its activities and 2) coordination of cellular activities Nucleoplasm - Fluid-filled interior of the ...

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  • October 12, 2024
  • 60
  • 2024/2025
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  • mcb2050

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  • MCB 2050

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©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

MCB*2050 Final Exam Key Terms with

Complete Solutions


Nucleus - ✔✔Control center of the cell. Contains DNA. Largest

organelle. Responsible for 1) compartmentalizations of the cellular genome

and its activities and 2) coordination of cellular activities

Nucleoplasm - ✔✔Fluid-filled interior of the nucleus - highly organized.

Consists of >30 specialized regions ('subdomains') that participate in

specific functions

Nucleoid - ✔✔Prokaryotes possess this region where the chromosome is

located. There's less DNA, less DNA packaging and little/no RNA

processing.

Nucleolus - ✔✔Most obvious nuclear subdomain. Irregular shape, dense

and granular in appearance. Functions in producing ribosomes. Site of

ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene transcription, RNA processing, and initial

stages of ribosomal subunit (rRNA + protein) assembly

, ©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

Transcription factories - ✔✔Active genes (euchromatin) from different

subdomains/regions of the same chromosome extend into

interchromosomal channels to form this. This is where transcription factors

are concentrated.

Interchromosomal channel - ✔✔Regions between subdomains that

serve as barriers to prevent unwanted DNA-DNA and/or DNA/protein

interactions

Nuclear speckle - ✔✔Subdomains where mRNA splicing factors are

concentrated (where pre-mRNA processing occurs). They appear as

speckles under fluorescent microscopy. Often located in interchromosomal

channels next to transcription factors. Numerous and highly dynamic. >50

in number. Can move quickly and grow/shrink depending on the needs of

the cell

Nuclear matrix - ✔✔Insoluble fibrillar-like protein network ('mesh')

distributed throughout the nucleoplasm. Analogous to the cytoskeleton

network in the cytoplasm. Has a structural role: maintains the overall shape

of the nucleus. Serves as a scaffold - responsible for organizing nuclear

subdomains and anchoring protein factors. Very little known about its

composition and assembly/disassembly.

, ©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

Cytoskeleton network - ✔✔Located in the cytoplasm. Analogous to the

nuclear matrix. Composed of three major filament systems: microtubules,

actin microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.

Nuclear envelope - ✔✔Separates nuclear contents from the surrounding

cytoplasm. Acts as a barrier - requires the regulated passage of molecules

(e.g. RNA and proteins) between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Establishes

the unique composition of the nucleus and spatially regulates gene

expression. Provides the structural framework for the nucleus. Sandwiched

between the inner and outer membrane. Composed of three main parts:

nuclear membranes, nuclear lamina, nuclear pore complex.

Inner nuclear membrane - ✔✔Unique protein composition. One of the

concentric membranes (phospholipid bilayers). Directly beside the nuclear

envelope. Joins other membrane at nuclear pore complex. Sits in parallel to

the other membrane. Serves as a barrier to the passage of ions, solutes,

and macromolecules between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm.

Outer nuclear membrane - ✔✔Continuous with RER. Ribosomes

attached to cytoplasmic surface of it. One of the concentric membranes

(phospholipid bilayers). Directly beside the nuclear envelope. Joins other

membrane at nuclear pore complex. Sits in parallel to the other membrane.

, ©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

Serves as a barrier to the passage of ions, solutes, and macromolecules

between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm

Nuclear envelope lumen - ✔✔Separates the inner and outer membrane.

10-50 nm diameter. Continuous with the ER lumen.

Nuclear lamina - ✔✔Located on the inner surface of the nuclear inner

membrane. Network ('mesh') of long, filament-like proteins. Provides

mechanical support to nuclear envelope (binds to nuclear inner membrane

integral proteins). Serves as a scaffold for attachment of chromatin and

nuclear matrix to the nuclear envelope.

ABC nuclear lamins - ✔✔Evolutionary related to proteins that form

intermediate filaments in the cytoskeleton network.

Nuclear pore complex (NPC) - ✔✔Channels/doorways in the nuclear

envelope. Responsible for the regulated trafficking of all

substances between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Allows trafficking of small,

polar molecules, RNAs, and proteins. Typically 3000-4000 per nucleus (the

number is related to nuclear activity). Large highly complex structure (~30X

> ribosome). Structure is an 8-fold symmetrical structure organized around

a large, central aqueous channel. Size exclusion limit - molecules >40 kDa

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