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BMS 100 - 1.0 Exam Study Guide
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BMS 100 - 1.0 Exam Study Guidetwo main types of bonding patterns: - Answer § Covalent bonds
• Connections that involve sharing of outer shell electrons § Biomolecules are held
together via covalent bonds
§ Non-covalent bonds
• Connections that do not involve electron sharing
Hydrogen bonds (Van Der Waals forces), ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions
non polar and polar bonds of covalent bonds - Answer • Non-polar = equal sharing of
electrons
• Polar = unequal sharing of electrons
§ Creates positive and negative dipoles (δ)
• The atom of a bonded pair that "hogs" the electrons has a (-) δ, and the other atom has
a (+) δ
what determines of a bond is polar or not - Answer • Electronegativity determines if a
bond will be polar or not
§ FYI - If the difference between the electronegativities of the atoms forming the
covalent bond is > 0.5, then the atom with the higher electronegativity will attract more
electrons than the other
Non-covalent bonds - ionic - Answer Ionic bonds (electrostatic interactions)§
Attractions between oppositely charged molecules
• Eg. Na+ Cl-
define hydrogen bonds - Answer Dipole-dipole interactions between a (+)δ H on one
molecule and a (-)δ O on a neighbouring molecule
define hydrophobic interactions - Answer type of non covalent bond
§ Exclusion of non-polar substances from water
• Non-polar molecules aggregate together
Can a polar (aka hydrophilic) molecule pass through the phospholipid bilayer structure
of a cellular membrane easily?
What about a hydrophobic molecules?
, What about a charged molecule? - Answer no
yes as long as it follows the diffusion gradient
no
will these form a polar or non polar bond
O-H
C-H
N-H
S-H - Answer O-H: polar
C-H: non polar
N-H: polar
S-H: slight polar
example of hydrogen bond - Answer transient dipole-dipole interaction
so for any questions that asks you what functional groups can form a hydrogen bond
look for the O-H and N-H bonds because they will have positive H dipole and Negative O
or N dipoles - Answer
for any questions that asks you what functional groups can participate in a hydrophobic
interaction look for C-H (because it is non polar bond) - Answer
in order to have a hydrophobic interaction you need to have a polar or non polar bond -
Answer you need to have a non polar bond
With a partner, list all the functional groups that could participate in:
§
A) Hydrogen bonds - Answer hydroxyl
amino
amido
With a partner, list all the functional groups that could participate in:
§ A) ionic - Answer carboxyl charged
amino charged
phosphoric
With a partner, list all the functional groups that could participate in:
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