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Pathoma Chapter 7 Exam Study Guide Latest Updated 2024/2025
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Pathoma Chapter 7 Exam Study GuideLatest Updated 2024/2025
Inflammation of blood vessel wall (either artery or vein) -
ansVasculitis
What are the three layers of the arterial wall? - ansEndothelial
intima, smooth muscle media, connective tissue adventitia
Normal muscular artery - ansIntima (innermost), media, and
adventitia layer
What is the cause of vasculitis? - ansEtiology unknown, but not
infectious usually
Name two clinical features of vasculitis - ans1. Nonspecific
symptoms of inflammation (fever, fatigue, weight loss,
myalgias)
2. Symptoms of organ ischemia
What causes symptoms of organ ischemia in vasculitis? -
ansLuminal narrowing or thrombosis of the inflamed vessel
What are the three types of vasculitides? - ansLarge, medium,
and small
What does large vessel vasculitis involve? - ansAorta and its
major branches
What does medium vessel vasculitis involve? - ansMuscular
arteries that supply organs
What does small vessel vasculitis involve? - ansArteries,
capillaries, venules
Name the two types of large vessel vasculitis - ansTemporal
(Giant Cell) Arteritis
Takayasu Arteritis
What vessel does Temporal (Giant Cell) Arteritis typically
involve? - ansBranches of carotid
Granulomatous vasculitis - ansTemporal (Giant Cell) Arteritis
,Pathoma Chapter 7 Exam Study Guide
Latest Updated 2024/2025
Takayasu Arteritis
Wegner's
Churg-Strauss
Who is affected by Temporal (Giant Cell) Arteritis - ansOlder
adults (over 50)
Usually female
Presentation of Temporal (Giant Cell) Arteritis - ansHeadache
(temporal artery), visual disturbances (opthalmic artery), jaw
claudication, flu-like symptoms with joint and muscle pain
(Polymyalgia rheumatica), elevated ESR
What artery involvement causes visual disturbances and
headache in Temporal (Giant Cell) Arteritis - ansVisual:
opthalmic artery involvement
Headache: temporal artery involvement
What is the joint and muscle pain that can be present in
Temporal (Giant Cell) Arteritis called - ansPolymyalgia
rheumatica
Biopsy of Temporal (Giant Cell) Arteritis - ansInflamed vessel
with giant cells and intimal fibrosis with segmental lesions
What does diagnosis of Temporal (Giant Cell) Arteritis require
on biopsy? - ansBiopsy of long segment of vessel
Does a negative biopsy for Temporal (Giant Cell) Arteritis
exclude disease? - ansNo
Treatment of Temporal (Giant Cell) Arteritis and risk without
treatment - ansTreatment: corticosteroids
Risk of no treatment: blindness
Granulomatous vasculitis that involves the aortic arch at branch
points - ansTakayasu Arteritis
, Pathoma Chapter 7 Exam Study Guide
Latest Updated 2024/2025
Granulomatous vasculitis that typically involves branches of the
carotid artery - ansTemporal (Giant Cell) Vasculitis
How does Takayasu Arteritis present - ansVisual and neurologic
symptosm witha weak or absent pulse in upper extremity;
elevated ESR
Pulseless disease - ansTakayasu Arteritis
Who is affected by Takayasu Arteritis most often? - ansAdults
younger than 50, typically young Asian Females
Treatment of Takayasu Arteritis - ansCorticosteroids
Age of presentation of Takayasu Arteritis versus Temporal
(Giant Cell) Arteritis - ansTakayasu Arteritis: less than 50
(young Asian females)
Temporal (Giant Cell) Arteritis: older than 50 (females)
Name the three medium vessel vasculitides - ansPolyarteritis
Nodosa
Kawasaki Disease
Buerger Disease
Medium-vessel necrotizing vasculitis involving multiple organs,
but sparing the lungs - ansPolyarteritis Nodosa
In who and how does Polyarteritis Nodosa typically present? -
ansYoung adults as hypertension (renal artery), abdominal pain
with melena (mesenteric artery), neurologic disturbances, and
skin lesions
What serology is Polyarteritis Nodosa associated with? -
ansHBsAg
What causes hypertension in Polyarteritis Nodosa presentation?
- ansRenal artery involvement
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