Exam (elaborations)

CPCE/NCE Exam Questions And Answers Rated A+ 2024/25.

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Type Exam (elaborations)
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cpcence exam questions and answers rated a 202

Institution CPCE/NCE
Course CPCE/NCE

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CPCE/NCE Exam Questions And Answers
Rated A+ 2024/25.

Behaviorism - Theorists - correct answer. John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, Joseph
Wolpe, and B. F. Skinner.

Erik Erikson's Eight Psychosocial Stages - correct answer. Trust versus mistrust (birth
to age 1 ½ years); autonomy versus shame and doubt (1 ½ to 3 years); initiative versus
guilt (3 to 6 years); industry versus inferiority (6 to 11 years): identity versus role
confusion (12 to 18 years); intimacy versus isolation (18 to 35 years); generativity
versus stagnation (35 to 60 years); and integrity versus despair (age 65 and beyond).

Jean Piaget's Qualitative Four Stages of Cognitive Development (Genetic
Epistemology) - correct answer. Theory: Sensorimotor (birth to 2 years);
Preoperational (2 to 7 years); Concrete Operations (7 to 12 years); and Formal
Operations (11/ 12 to 16).

Assimilation/Adaptation - correct answer. When the individual fits information into
existing ideas. (reinforces beliefs)

Accommodation - correct answer. Modifies cognitive schemata to incorporate new
information. (changes beliefs)

Conservation - correct answer. The child knows that volume and quantity do not
change, just because the appearance of an object changes.

Kegan's Constructive Developmental Model - correct answer. model emphasizes the
impact of interpersonal interaction and our perception of reality; construct reality
throughout lifespan; meaning making; Kegan suggests six stages of life span
development: incorporative, impulsive, imperial, interpersonal, institutional, and
interindividual.

,Lawrence Kohlberg's Three Levels of Moral Development - correct answer. Each level
has two stages: preconventional level— behavior governed by consequences;
conventional level— a desire to conform to socially acceptable rules; postconventional
level— self-accepted moral principles guide behavior.

Carol Gilligan's Theory of Moral Development for Women - correct answer. Gilligan's
1982 book In a Different Voice illuminated the fact that Kohlberg's research was
conducted on males. Women have a sense of caring and compassion.

Daniel Levinson Four Major Eras/ Transitions Theory - correct answer. In a 1978
classic book titled The Seasons of a Man's Life Levinson depicted the changes in men's
lives throughout the lifespan. The four key eras include: childhood and adolescence,
early adulthood, middle adulthood, and later adulthood.

Lev Vygotsky (1896- 1934) - correct answer. zone of proximal development

William Perry's Three Stage Theory of Intellectual and Ethical Development in Adults/
College Students (dualistic thinking) - correct answer. Dualism in which students view
the truth as either right or wrong. Relativism is the notion that a perfect answer may not
exist. There is a desire to know various opinions. Commitment to relativism— in this
final stage the individual is willing to change his or opinion based on novel facts and
new points of view.

James W. Fowler's Prestage Plus Six Stage Theory of Faith and Spiritual Development
- correct answer. Stage 0 undifferentiated (primal) faith (infancy, birth to 4 years);
Stage 1 intuitive-projective faith (2 to 7 years, early childhood); mythic-literal faith
(childhood and beyond); synthetic-conventional faith (adolescence and beyond) a stage
of conformity); individuative-reflective faith (young adulthood and beyond); conjunctive
faith (midthirties and beyond) openness to other points of view, paradox, and
appreciation of symbols and metaphors; and universalizing faith (midlife and beyond)
few reach this stage of enlightenment.

Ethnocentrism - correct answer. means that a given group sees itself as the standard
by which other ethnic groups are measured

Emic versus etic - correct answer. In the emic approach the counselor helps the client
understand his or her culture. In the etic approach the counselor focuses on the
similarities in people; treating people as being the same.

autoplastic- alloplastic dilemma - correct answer. Autoplastic implies that the
counselor helps the client change to cope with his or her environment. Alloplastic occurs
when the counselor has the client try to change the environment.

Social comparison theory - correct answer. Popularized by early research conducted
by Leon Festinger, simply postulates that we evaluate our behaviors and
accomplishments by comparing ourselves to others.

, The five-stage Atkinson, Morten, and Sue Racial/ Cultural Identity Development Model
(R/ CID) aka the Minority Identity Model - correct answer. (1) Conformity (lean toward
dominant culture and prefer a counselor from the dominant culture); (2) Dissonance
(question and confusion, prefer a counselor from a minority group); (3) Resistance and
Immersion (reject the dominant culture while accepting one's own culture); (4)
Introspection (mixed feelings related to the previous stage, prefer a counselor from
one's own racial/ ethnic group) and (5) Synergetic Articulation and Awareness (stop
racial and cultural oppression, prefers a counselor with a similar attitude or worldview
over merely a counselor who is the same race/ ethnicity, but has different beliefs). Not
everyone goes through all stages and some individuals never progress beyond the
second or third stage. An individual can also go backward.

Abreaction - correct answer. violent cathartic reaction

Abscissa - correct answer. x-coordinate

Absolutist thinking/musterbations - correct answer. Albert Ellis - using too many
"shoulds, oughts, and musts"

APGA (1952) > AACD (1983) > ACA (1992) - correct answer. American Personnel
and Guidance Association (National Vocational Guidance Association fused into)>
American Association for Counseling and Development > American Counseling
Association

Nathan Ackerman & James Framo and Robin Skynner - correct answer.
Psychodynamic Family Therapy

Acquiescence - correct answer. when the client always agrees with something

Acquisition period - correct answer. time is takes to learn or acquire a behavior

Applied/Action/experience-near research - correct answer. advance our knowledge of
how skills, theories, and techniques can be used in practical application

Basic research - correct answer. advance understanding understanding of theory

Active/active-directive therapy - correct answer. directive paradigm

Trait-and-factor/actuarial/matching approach to career theory - correct answer. match
worker and environment; assumes only 1 best career for a person; popular with
computer career guidance programs

Edmund Griffith Williamson & Frank Parsons - correct answer. Trait-and-
factor/actuarial/matching approach to career theory; father of guidence

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