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NURS 661 Exam 2 Questions and Answers 100% Verified
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NURS 661 Exam 2 Questions and Answers 100% Verified What is the primary function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in blood pressure regulation? The RAAS system helps regulate blood pressure by controlling fluid balance and constricting blood vessels to increase blood pres...

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  • October 14, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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NURS 661 Exam 2 Questions and
Answers 100% Verified
What is the primary function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in blood

pressure regulation?


✔✔The RAAS system helps regulate blood pressure by controlling fluid balance and

constricting blood vessels to increase blood pressure.




How does the body compensate during the early stages of hypovolemic shock?


✔✔In the early stages of hypovolemic shock, the body compensates by increasing heart rate and

vasoconstriction to maintain blood pressure and perfusion to vital organs.




What are the hallmark symptoms of acute coronary syndrome (ACS)?


✔✔The hallmark symptoms of ACS include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, and

nausea, which may indicate a blockage in the coronary arteries.




How does left-sided heart failure differ from right-sided heart failure in terms of symptoms?


✔✔Left-sided heart failure primarily causes pulmonary symptoms such as dyspnea and

orthopnea, while right-sided heart failure leads to systemic symptoms such as peripheral edema

and ascites.

1

,What is the pathophysiology behind atherosclerosis?


✔✔Atherosclerosis occurs when plaque builds up in the arteries due to damage to the endothelial

lining, leading to inflammation, narrowing of the vessel, and reduced blood flow.




What is the primary purpose of cardiac rehabilitation for post-myocardial infarction patients?


✔✔The primary purpose of cardiac rehabilitation is to restore physical function, improve

cardiovascular health, and prevent future heart events through exercise, education, and lifestyle

modification.




What role does B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) play in diagnosing heart failure?


✔✔BNP is released by the heart in response to increased pressure from heart failure, and

elevated BNP levels are used as a biomarker to help diagnose heart failure severity.




What are the common causes of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?


✔✔Common causes of DVT include immobility, surgery, trauma, and hypercoagulable states

that lead to blood clot formation in the deep veins, often in the legs.




How does hypertension contribute to the development of left ventricular hypertrophy?


2

, ✔✔Hypertension increases the workload of the heart, causing the left ventricle to thicken

(hypertrophy) in an attempt to compensate for the increased resistance in the systemic

circulation.




What is the difference between stable and unstable angina?


✔✔Stable angina occurs predictably with exertion and resolves with rest, while unstable angina

occurs at rest or with minimal exertion and is more unpredictable, signaling a higher risk of

myocardial infarction.




How does atrial fibrillation increase the risk of stroke?


✔✔Atrial fibrillation causes the atria to quiver instead of contract effectively, leading to blood

stasis in the atria, which increases the risk of clot formation and subsequent embolic stroke.




What are the key elements of the nursing care plan for a patient with heart failure?


✔✔Key elements include monitoring fluid status, managing medications such as diuretics,

promoting a low-sodium diet, educating the patient about symptom management, and

encouraging adherence to prescribed treatments.




How is peripheral artery disease (PAD) diagnosed?



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