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HESI NSG 123: Medical Surgical Nursing Final Exam With 100% Correct Answers 2024
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HESI NSG 123: Medical Surgical NursingFinal Exam With 100% Correct Answers
UlcerativeiColitisi-iCorrectiAnswer-
Ulcerativeicolitisiisiaichroniciulcerativeiandiinflammatoryidiseaseiofithei
mucosaliandisubmucosalilayersiofitheicoloniandirectumithatiisicharacter
izedibyiunpredictableiperiodsiofiremissioniandiexacerbationiwithiboutsi
ofiabdominalicrampsiandibloodyioripurulentidiarrhea.iTheiinflammator
yichangesitypicallyibeginiinitheirectumiandiprogressiproximallyithroughi
theicolon
Crohn'siDiseasei-iCorrectiAnswer-
Crohn'sidiseaseiisicharacterizedibyiperiodsiofiremissioniandiexacerbatio
n.iItiisiaisubacuteiandichroniciinflammationiofitheiGIitractiwallithatiexten
dsithroughiallilayersi(i.e.,itransmuralilesion).iAlthoughiitsicharacteristici
histopathologicichangesicanioccurianywhereiinitheiGIitract,iitimosticom
monlyioccursiinitheidistaliileumianditheiascendingicolon.iTheionsetiofisy
mptomsiisiusuallyiinsidiousiiniCrohn'sidisease,iwithiprominentirightilow
eriquadrantiabdominalipainiandidiarrheaiunrelievedibyidefecation
Crohn'siDiseaseiDieti-iCorrectiAnswer-Oralifluidsiandiailow-
residue,ihigh-protein,ihigh-
calorieidietiwithisupplementalivitaminitherapyiandiironireplacementiar
eiprescribeditoimeetinutritionalineeds,ireduceiinflammation,iandicontr
olipainiandidiarrhea.iFluidiandielectrolyteiimbalancesifromidehydrationi
causedibyidiarrheaiareicorrectedibyiIVitherapyiasinecessaryiifitheipatien
tiisihospitalizedioribyioralifluidsiifitheipatientiisimanagediatihome.iAnyifo
,odsithatiexacerbateidiarrheaiareiavoided.iMilkimayicontributeitoidiarrh
eaiinithoseiwithilactoseiintolerance.iColdifoodsiandismokingiareiavoided
ibecauseibothiincreaseiintestinalimotility.iParenteralinutritionimayibeiin
dicated.
UlcerativeiColitis-Goali-iCorrectiAnswer-
Theimajorigoalsiforitheipatientiincludeiattainmentiofinormalibowelielimi
nationipatterns,ireliefiofiabdominalipainiandicramping,ipreventioniofiflu
idivolumeideficit,imaintenanceiofioptimalinutritioniandiweight,iavoidan
ceiofifatigue,ireductioniofianxiety,ipromotioniofieffectiveicoping,iabsenc
eiofiskinibreakdown,iincreasediknowledgeiaboutitheidiseaseiprocessian
diself-healthimanagement,iandiavoidanceioficomplications.
BariatriciSurgeryiPostiOpi-iCorrectiAnswer-
Afterisurgery,itheinurseiassessesitheipatientiforicomplicationsifromithei
bariatricisurgery,isuchiasihemorrhage,ivenousithromboembolism,ibileir
eflux,idumpingisyndrome,idysphagia,iandiboweliorigastricioutletiobstru
ction.
Eatismalleributimoreifrequentimealsithaticontainiproteiniandifiber;ieachi
mealisizeishouldinotiexceedi1icup.
Eationlyifoodsihighiininutrientsi(e.g.,ipeanutibutter,icheese,ichicken,ifish
,ibeans).
Eatislowlyiandichewithoroughly
AssumeiailowiFowleripositioniduringimealtimeianditheniremainiinithatip
ositionifori20-30iminutesiafterimealtime—
thisidelaysistomachiemptyingiandidecreasesitheilikelihoodiofidumpingis
yndrome.
, Doinotidrinkifluidiwithimeals;iinstead,iconsumeifluidsiupitoi30iminutesib
eforeiaimealiandi30-60iminutesiafterimealtime.
Cholelithiasis-iJaundicei-iCorrectiAnswer-
Jaundiceioccursiiniaifewipatientsiwithigallbladderidisease,iusuallyiwithio
bstructioniofitheicommonibileiduct.iTheibile,iwhichiisinoilongericarriedit
oitheiduodenum,iisiabsorbedibyitheibloodiandigivesitheiskiniandimucous
imembranesiaiyellowicolor.iThisiisifrequentlyiaccompaniedibyimarkedipr
uritusi(itching)iofitheiskin.
GallbladderiRiskiFactorsi-iCorrectiAnswer-
Theiriskiofidevelopingisuchistonesiisiincreasediinipatientsiwithicirrhosis,i
hemolysis,iandiinfectionsiofitheibiliaryitract.
Cholesterolistonesiaccountiforimostiofitheiremainingi75%ioficasesiofigall
bladderidiseaseiinitheiUnitediStates
Twoitoithreeitimesimoreiwomenithanimenidevelopicholesterolistonesia
ndigallbladderidisease
Stoneiformationiisimoreifrequentiinipeopleiwhoiuseioralicontraceptives,
iestrogens,ioriclofibratei(Atromid-
S);itheseimedicationsiareiknownitoiincreaseibiliaryicholesterolisaturatio
n.iTheiincidenceiofistoneiformationiincreasesiwithiageiasiairesultiofiincre
asedihepaticisecretionioficholesteroliandidecreasedibileiacidisynthesis.
PepticiUlceriDiseaseiComplicationi-iCorrectiAnswer-
Althoughivomitingiisirareiinianiuncomplicatedipepticiulcer,iitimayibeiaisy
mptomiofiaicomplicationiofianiulcer.iItiresultsifromigastricioutletiobstru
ction,icausedibyieitherimuscularispasmiofitheipylorusiorimechanicaliobs
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