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HisMOW Exam (Lectures 1-6) Exam Complete Questions And Answers Success Guaranteed.
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Enlightenment (17-18th century, France and Europe) - correct answer A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions. - skepticism towards tradition/religion Pietism in Lutheran Germ...

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  • October 14, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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HisMOW Exam (Lectures 1-6)

Enlightenment (17-18th century, France and Europe) - correct answer A movement
in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social
institutions.

- skepticism towards tradition/religion



Pietism in Lutheran Germany (17th century, Germany) - correct answer Quest for
inner light rather than reason; inner spiritual experience independent from religious doctrines

- opposed Enlightenment

- not conservative



Great Awakening (1739-1744, US) - correct answer A sudden outbreak of religious
fervor that swept through the colonies. One of the first events to unify the colonies.

- Church of England, John Wesley

- New understanding of natural rights and religious denunciation of slave trade

- Methodism



Methodism (18th century, Church of England, Great Britain and US) - correct answer
A religion founded by John Wesley. Insisted strict self-discipline and a methodical approach to religious
study and observance. Emphasized an intense personal salvation and a life of thrift, abstinence, and
hard work

- democratic ideals (ind. worth and consciousness separate from religion)

- Denounced as "enthusiasm"



Freemasonry (18th century, France) - correct answer An organization that
encouraged secrecy; Dedicated to spreading Liberalism/Secularism

- respectful of God

- Created fear of conspiracy of "illuminati" --> "the enlightened ones"

,Philosophe (18th century, France) - correct answer Group of social/literary critics
etc

- wrote for attention, to spread Enlightenment

- Middle and lower classes

- Approach subjects critically, with inquiry

- Emilie du Chatelet, Frederick the Great, Catherine the Great

- Heightened literacy



Public Opinion - correct answer Malesherbes: "an independent social force "that all
powers respect, that appreciates all talents, that pronounces on all people of merit"

- censorship by church, Parlement of Paris



Montesquieu (1689-1755, France) --> Dont-a-eux (jurisdiction --> checks and balances) - correct answer
French philosophe. Said "Power checks power" and expressed the idea of separation of powers.

- Antiabsolutism

- "Spirit of Laws, 1748" --> different Govs suited to different climates (despotism --> large empires in hot
climate)

- feudal liberties

- monarchy, aristocracy and democracy

- Reactionary



Voltaire (1694-1778) - correct answer championed the enlightened principles of
reason, progress, toleration, and individual liberty

- Freedom of thought

- popularized science (Newton's physics, Locke's psychology)

- Natural Religion

- Universal History

- Enlightened Government

- Enlightened Despotism

, Natural Religion (18th century, France) - correct answer Difference between good
and evil arose from reason

- reason revealed essential truths and good human actions

- supernatural makes people stupid

- VOLTAIRE



Universal History - correct answer Secular conception of world history through a
Judeo-Christian scope



Enlightened Government (18th century, France and East Europe) - correct answer -
fought against stupidity

- kept clergy subordinate

- allowed freedom of thought and religion

- development of reason and science

- advanced material and technical progress



Enlightened Despotism (18th century, France and Eastern Europe) - correct answer -
Absolute rule justified not on grounds of heredity or divine right

- Secular in outlook and justification, as in Frederick the Great's self-description as "the first servant of
the state."

- Used to rationalize and organize the state from the top down during the Age of the Enlightenment.

- Large civilized countries

- Rational elites take power

- Strong state to fight ignorance

- Liberty for Enlightened

- Rational and Reformist --> from 1740-1748 and 1756-1763 wars--> increase revenue, new taxes, limit
gov body, centralize politics

- only true change would come with revolution (limitation)



Maupeou Parlement (1771, France) - correct answer Post-7 Years war

Louis XV sought to eliminate parliaments after war debts to gain central control

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