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Ultimate NAADAC Study Set With Questions And 100% ALL DETAILED CORRECT ANSWERS
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JACKLINEUltimate NAADAC Study Set With Questions And 100% ALL DETAILED CORRECT ANSWERS
Terms in this set (255)
D. None of the above
1. A wife refers her husband for substance abuse
The DSM lists a set of eleven symptoms, 2 or more of which must have occurred at any time
counseling. His drug of choice is cocaine, which
during the past 12 months for a diagnosis of substance use disorder. 1) Tolerance, defined as
he has been using episodically with friends at a
either the need for larger and larger amounts of the drug in question over time to achieve the
poker game—biweekly to weekly—for some
desired result, or a decrease in the effect of the drug with continued use of the same amount
years. She is disturbed at the illicit nature of the
2) Withdrawal, defined by either the known withdrawal symptoms for a particular drug, or by
drug and the long-standing use. He states that
the fact that the drug, or a similar drug, is taken to avoid withdrawal symptoms 3) An increase
though he recreationally uses, he does not crave
in the amount of the drug taken, or the continued use of the drug past the intended time 4) An
cocaine, does not seek it out but rather uses with
inability to control usage 5) A large amount of time and effort devoted to obtaining the drug in
friends at the game who bring it, and he feels
question, using the drug in question, or recovering from its effects 6) The giving up of
that other than his wife being upset about him
important activities in order to obtain or use the drug in question, or recover from its effects 7)
using, he has no other social or occupational
The continued use of the drug in question regardless of the ill effects it has caused. 8) Craving
issues. Given the information provided, how is his
9) Recurrent drug use which leads to inability to fulfil major role 10) Recurrent drug use though
use of cocaine BEST described?
it is physically harmful 11) Recurrent drug use despite it leading to continued social problems.
a. Substance abuse
He does not meet the criteria for current intoxication either. Recreational use commonly
b. Cocaine intoxication
occurs biweekly or weekly, and the use is typically for reasons of sociality. Substance abuse
c. Cocaine use disorder
counseling is therefore not indicated. However, counseling regarding the potential for life
d. None of the above
circumstances, stressors, or other unexpected losses or burdens to precipitate a future
substance abuse problem should be discussed.
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, D: All of the Above
The amount of a drug ingested will typically affect the user's experience, with higher doses
often producing a greater effect (though potentially diminishing over time as tolerance
develops). The modality of administration can greatly influence the rate of the drug's uptake
2. What does the experienced effect of a drug into the system. Normally the rate of effect, from greatest to least, is: inhalation (snorting or
depend upon? smoking), injection (intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous), and ingestion (sublingual or
a. The amount taken and past drug experiences swallowing with or without food). Generally, the faster the systemic uptake, the shorter and
b. The modality of administration more intense the high experienced. Polydrug abuse greatly complicates the drug experience,
c. Poly drug use, setting, and circumstance particularly if the drugs used are chemical antagonists (e.g., stimulants and depressants—such
d. All of the above as meth and alcohol), additive (producing a cumulative effect), synergistic (more than
cumulative), or potentiating (each enhancing each other). The setting in which the substance
use occurs is also often a significant contributor to the experience. The feelings engendered
by the surroundings, the people with whom the experience is shared, the attitudes and
reactions of others involved, as well as personal past drug experiences and individual biology
all combine to produce a drug experience.
D: Decreased sensitivity to a drug over time
3. How is drug tolerance BEST described? When a drug is used regularly, the body is gradually able to adapt to the effects of the drug.
a. The inability to get intoxicated Evidence of tolerance is twofold: (1) greater doses of the drug are required to achieve previous
b. The need for more of a drug to get intoxicated effects, and (2) doses that would have produced profound physiological compromise or even
c. Increased sensitivity to a drug over time death are now readily tolerated without untoward effects. In some cases, it has been noted
d. Decreased sensitivity to a drug over time that up to ten times a lethal dosage, or even more, may be taken without any signs of
significant physiological compromise. Tolerance develops as the body seeks homeostasis, or a
functional state of equilibrium, in spite of the presence of the drug.
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, D: Drug avoidance strategies
Intense drug euphoria produces extremely intense, emotionally imprinted memory engrams,
4. Which of the following is NOT a "drug cue"? coupled with long-term changes in the amygdala area of the brain, which operate outside of
a. A prior drug-use setting conscious control. Key euphoric memories become integrally connected to sights, sounds,
b. Drug use paraphernalia smells, people, and places previously associated with drug use. The reappearance of any of
c. Seeing others use drugs these past drug cues will often effectively trigger intense, amygdala-driven cravings for a drug.
d. Drug avoidance strategies Cravings are further intensified by lingering imbalances in brain metabolism patterns, receptor
availability, hormone levels, and other hypothalamus and pituitary-mediated sensations of
dysphoria and distress. The cascading nature of these effects frequently induces a drug-use
relapse.
C: The margin between intoxication and lethality stays the same.
5. What happens as tolerance for barbiturates
develops?
While tolerance for barbiturates does develop, tolerance for an otherwise lethal dose only
a. The margin between intoxication and lethality
marginally increases and never exceeds twofold. This means that the likelihood of an
increases.
unintentional fatal dose increases substantially over time as the need for the intoxicating effect
b. The margin between intoxication and lethality
pushes that threshold ever closer to a lethal dose. Given the impairments in memory and
decreases.
judgment that typically accompany CNS depressant intoxication, simple forgetfulness can lead
c. The margin between intoxication and lethality
to a fatal overdose. Finally, using barbiturates with any other CNS depressant substance, such
stays the same.
as alcohol, can result in an additive CNS depression that can readily be fatal. Death most often
d. Tolerance does not develop for barbiturates.
occurs via respiratory or cardiac suppression.
D: Confusion
Other symptoms of Wernicke's encephalopathy include poor muscle coordination and
6. What is the MOST common symptom of
oculomotor impairment (problems moving the eyes in a controlled fashion). Wernicke's
Wernicke's encephalopathy?
syndrome is a short-term condition resulting from vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency, typically
a. New memory formation
developing after years of drinking and poor nutrition. Of those with Wernicke's syndrome, 80
b. Loss of older memories
to 90 percent will develop long-term psychosis and memory problems known as Korsakoff
c. Psychosis
syndrome. While poor coordination is a symptom, retrograde amnesia (loss of old memories)
d. Confusion
and learning impairments are among the more classic hallmarks of the condition. Because they
are so often found together, the two syndromes are often referred to concurrently as
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.
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, B: Hepatitis
Hepatitis refers to inflammation of the liver. Alcohol is toxic to all body tissues. Because
alcohol must be metabolized by the liver, it is particularly susceptible to the toxic effects.
7. Which of the following conditions does
Consequently, many heavy drinkers suffer from alcoholic hepatitis, characterized by abdominal
alcohol NOT induce?
pain, nausea, vomiting, and a swollen liver. In more extreme cases, jaundice and bleeding can
a. Steatosis
result. Jaundice (a yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes) is from bilirubin, a by-product
b. Nephrosis
of aging red blood cells broken down in the liver, that should have been fully metabolized by
c. Hepatitis
the liver. Spontaneous bleeding occurs because key clotting factors are made in the liver, but
d. Cirrhosis
production is inhibited by hepatitis. Steatosis consists of fatty deposits in the liver that, if
severe, can prove fatal. Cirrhosis refers to scarring of the liver from alcohol damage,
preventing its normal functioning. High blood toxins can also cause hepatic encephalopathy—
a reversible dementia—if the toxins are reduced.
C: A sensation of bugs crawling under the skin
8. What does formication refer to? Chronic users of cocaine, crack cocaine, methamphetamine, and other such stimulants develop
a. The creation of freebase cocaine a profoundly unpleasant sensation of bugs crawling under their skin. They may even come to
b. Sex between two unmarried individuals believe the bugs are present and needing to be removed. In less severe cases, users may pick
c. A sensation of bugs crawling under the skin at their skin to the point of causing sores and scabs. In more extreme cases, users may cut
d. Extrapyramidal symptoms of agitation themselves in a desperate attempt to release the bugs and find relief. The condition is also
known as Magnon's syndrome and may also be referred to colloquially as coke bugs or crank
bugs, and so on.
D: The Heart
9. What is/are the organ(s) most damaged by Considerable medical research demonstrates that cocaine not only causes arterial constriction
cocaine abuse? secondary to the drug's stimulant effects, but it also causes a cumulative effect, with more
a. The brain cocaine causing increased arterial narrowing. Atherosclerosis (artery hardening and plaque
b. The lungs buildup) greatly magnifies this deleterious process. The result is that permanent disability or
c. The kidneys death due to sudden cardiac arrest or hemorrhagic cerebral stroke is an increasingly real
d. The heart possibility the longer the drug is abused. Finally, cocaine-induced damage to the prefrontal
lobes (where behaviors are modified and controlled) often results in impaired judgment,
disinhibition, loss of foresight, decisional incapacity, and chronic unpredictability and irritability.
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