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MCB 2610 Exam 1 Questions wth complete solution 2024/2025
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MCB 2610 Exam 1 Questions wth complete solution 2024/2025 MCB 2610 Exam 1 3 domains of life - correct answer Bacteria, Archaea, (prokaryote) archaea don't have peptidoglycan Eukarya= algae, plants, animals, fungi, protists (eukaryote) oririgate frome archaea tree of life - correct answ...

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  • October 16, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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MCB 2610 Exam 1
3 domains of life - correct answer ✔Bacteria, Archaea, (prokaryote)
archaea don't have peptidoglycan
Eukarya= algae, plants, animals, fungi, protists (eukaryote) oririgate frome
archaea


tree of life - correct answer ✔the phylogenetic tree that includes all
organisms
20 yrs ago, can't grow can't study, only 1-10% can be grown
linear distance between the endpoints of any two lines is proportional to the
sequence similarity of the SSU rRNA, rna used bc all organisms contain
ribosomes and most info orginally stored there


16S sequencing - correct answer ✔16s region of rRNA is conserved with
minor differences between groups of bacteria, used to identify
variable areas ex. V4
study v areas by PCR, target using 2 DNA primers, look up in ncbi database
sample-isolate-sequence-assemble DNA fragments- contigs- group by
organism- draft genome


size of things - correct answer ✔proteins electron microscope
viruses
bacteria light microscope
eukarya cell
ant human eye
adult worm

,Gram stain - correct answer ✔A staining method that distinguishes between
two different kinds of bacterial cell walls. binds to peptidoglycans


Gram(+)= thick cell walls and no outer membrane, blue, Crystal violet stains
thick cell walls, washes out of thin ones
ex. bacillus, staph, strep (firmicutes)


Gram(-)=thin cell walls and an outer membrane, red, Safranin is used as a
counterstain to see cells that lose crystal violet
ex. (proteobacteria) e.coli, salmonella


staining - correct answer ✔adds contrast for visualization
basic dye= has plus charge, sticks to neg charge ex. DNA, proteins, cell
surface
acidic dye= neg stain, sticks to pos ex. histone
fluorescent dye= very specific, specialized microscope
ex. DAPI stains dna


Malachite green - correct answer ✔primary stain in endospore stain
Counter stain is safranin.


Morphology of Prokaryotic Cells: Shapes - correct answer ✔Basic rod shape
bacillus= ex. E. coli (Gram -, gamma-proteobacteria), Many other Gram + and
Gram- look like this


comma shape/curved rod= Vibrios (Gram -, gamma-proteobacteria), cause of
cholera

, spherical cells coccus= can be in chains, clusters,or cells, e.g. Streptococcus,
Staphylococcus (Gram+), Deinococcus (Gram-)


spirochetes= Treponema pallidum (cause of syphillus)
Borrelia burgdoferi cause of Lyme disease
Helicobacter pylori (cause of ulcers), all gram -


types of bacteria - correct answer ✔1. proteo bacteria= gram neg ex. e.coli
2. acido bacteria= gram neg rod shape thrive in low ph
3. thermotoge= gram neg rod shape high temp
4. fuso bacteria= gi disease, gram neg, rod
5. firmicutes= gram pos
6. cyanobacteria
7. Deinococcus-Thermus
8. actinobacteria
9. bacteriodetes
10.spirochates
11.planktomyecetes


Endospore formers - correct answer ✔A thick-walled protective spore that
forms inside a bacterial cell and resists harsh conditions.
always gram plus, can grow in presence of o2
Clostridium species= firmicutes, obligate anaerobes, club-shaped when
forming spores
ex. Bacillus and Clostridium

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