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PATH 3610 Midterm 1 Exam | Answered with complete solutions
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PATH 3610 Midterm 1 Exam | Answered with complete solutions Which of the following microscopic features is the best indicator of necrosis? a. cytoplasmic swelling b. blurring and/or loss of cellular outlines c. nuclear pyknosis, karyorrhexis or karyolysis Which of the following is not a post-mor...

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  • October 17, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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PATH 3610 Midterm 1 Exam



Which of the following microscopic features is the best indicator of necrosis?

a. cytoplasmic swelling
b. blurring and/or loss of cellular outlines
c. nuclear pyknosis, karyorrhexis or karyolysis




Which of the following is not a post-mortem change?

a. hemorrhage
b. rigor mortis
c. settling of blood in dependent parts, termed "lividity"

Local death of a cell or cells due to injury is known as:

a. ischemia
b. necrosis
c. Infarction

Which of the following is not true of jaundice?

a. yellow discoloration of connective tissues occurs
b. it is a disease of the liver
c. it can occur secondary to widespread hemolysis of red blood cells

The switch of cells from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism can cause:

a. stabilization of organelle membranes
b. damage to lysosomal membranes, potentially worsening cell injury
c. acetic acid production

Which of the following is not a cause of impaired cell energy production?

a. hyperglycemia

,b. respiratory obstruction or disease
c. uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation

Apoptosis refers to:

a. shrunken nuclei seen in necrosis
b. programmed cell death to remove "old" cells
c. lysis of cells caused by membrane injury

Swelling of mitochondria caused by impaired cell energy production can cause:

a. cloudy or vacuolar cytoplasmic changes
b. increased oxidative phosphorylation
c. acceleration of ATP synthesis

Free radicals generated within cells are unstable and can lead to:

a. stabilization of lipid membranes
b. breaking down of protein cross-links
c. degradation of nucleic acids

Alcohol consumption can lead to fatty liver changes by:

a. decreasing hepatic oxidation of triglycerides
b. decreasing mobilization of adipose tissue due to increased caloric (alcohol) intake
c. induction of enzymes to increase fatty acid conversion into triglycerides

The release of cytoplasmic enzymes from necrotic cells may be useful diagnostically.
T/F
True

Bilirubin is:

a. lipid soluble when conjugated
b. water soluble when conjugated
c. conjugated in the kidney for excretion in the urine

Agents such as radiation, mutagenic drugs and viruses can lead to acquired DNA
abnormalities. Damage to cells such as blood cell precursors in the bone marrow is the
result of:

a. failed synthesis of structural proteins
b. failure of growth regulating proteins
c. interference with mitosis

Starvation can lead to a fatty liver. T/F

,True

Free radicals can impair cell membrane function by causing:

lesions in DNA
lipid peroxidation
protein cross-linking

Apoptosis refers to:

the internalization of material by a cell
disintegration of tissues which occurs after death
programmed cell death

The colour changes in a bruise are related to:

necrosis of tissue
synthesis of hemoglobin
breakdown of hemoglobin

Elevated conjugated serum bilirubin levels are most likely caused by:

acute hypoxic hepatic injury
obstruction of the biliary tract
intravascular hemolysis

Dystrophic calcification refers to abnormal deposition of calcium salts:

in dead or dying tissues
in tissues due to high serum calcium levels
associated with inherited calcium metabolic disorders

Hypoxia, leading to impaired energy production by the cell, may be caused by:

anemia
low blood glucose levels
inhibition of respiratory enzymes

A myocardial infarct is seen as a dry, well demarcated area of pale tissue. This would
be described as:

coagulation necrosis
caseation necrosis
an abscess

What is an infarct?

, A small area of dead tissue resulting from failure of blood supply

Chronic over-consumption of alcohol can lead to fatty liver due to:

decreased oxidation of triglycerides
increased activity of hepatic enzyme systems, leading to increased conversion of fatty
acids to triglycerides
decreased mobilization of adipose tissue due to increased alcoholic caloric consumption

Cellular injury can result when bilirubin accumulates in:

parenchymal cells (such as the liver or brain)
connective tissue
skin

Cloudy swelling is the result of:

intracellular accumulation of fluid and electrolytes
decreased intracellular pH
triglyceride accumulation

Anemia will lead to impaired energy production by the cell because there is:

insufficient oxygen
low glucose levels
enzyme inhibition

Death of cells in a living organism is termed:

gangrene
necrosis
ischemia

The primary change in hemolytic jaundice is:

inadequate bilirubin excretion
increased production of bilirubin
serum accumulation of conjugated bilirubin

The release of cytoplasmic enzymes from necrotic cells may be useful diagnostically.
true
false

Agents such as radiation, mutagenic drugs and viruses can lead to acquired DNA
abnormalities. Damage to cells such as blood cell precursors in the bone marrow is the
result of:

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