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BIO 181 NAU- Exam 1 (Questions & Answers) Rated 100% Correct!!
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Gaining vs. Losing electrons - ️️N+1 = Losing electron N-1 = Gaining electron Electrons = electronegative Octet rule - ️️Atoms are most stable when their outer shell is full. The outer shell has to be filled with 8 electrons EXCEPT Hydrogen and Helium with just 2 electrons. Three Physi...

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  • October 17, 2024
  • 10
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • bio 181 nau

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BIO 181 NAU- Exam 1
Gaining vs. Losing electrons - ✔️✔️N+1 = Losing electron
N-1 = Gaining electron
Electrons = electronegative


Octet rule - ✔️✔️Atoms are most stable when their outer shell is full. The outer shell
has to be filled with 8 electrons EXCEPT Hydrogen and Helium with just 2 electrons.

Three Physical States of Matter - ✔️✔️Solid, liquid, gas

Element - ✔️✔️Substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by
chemical reactions

Matter - ✔️✔️Anything that occupies space and has a mass


Four elements that make up about 96% of the weight and most cells: - ✔️✔️Oxygen,
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen

Atoms - ✔️✔️The smallest functional units of matter that form ALL chemical
substances

Three subatomic particles - ✔️✔️Protons, Neutrons, Electrons

Protons - ✔️✔️Positive charge, found in nucleus. Number of protons is what
distinguishes one element from another

Atomic number - ✔️✔️How many protons are in an element

Mass number - ✔️✔️sum of the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus

Isotopes - ✔️✔️Forms of an element with different numbers of neutrons than protons.
Ex; Carbon 12 = 6 protons and 7 neutrons.


Valence Electrons - ✔️✔️Electrons more likely to form bonds, taken away, or shared
with other atoms. Electrons in the outer shell

Compounds - ✔️✔️Putting two elements together

Two types of chemical bonds - ✔️✔️Ionic and covalent

, Ionic Bonds - ✔️✔️ELECTRON SWAP- formed between oppositely charged ions. Ex;
NaCl

Ions (2 types) - ✔️✔️Charged atoms
Cations: Have a net positive charge (+)
Anions: Have a net negative charge (-)

Ionic - ✔️✔️Something with a charge

Covalent Bond - ✔️✔️Forms when two atoms SHARE one or more pairs of outer-shell
electrons. These bonds are the strongest of bonds.

Polar Molecules - ✔️✔️An uneven distribution of charge Ex; H2O. Hydrogen are
slightly positive, oxygen is slightly negative.

Hydrogen Bond - ✔️✔️A weak attraction between a partially positive hydrogen and a
partially negative atom like Oxygen. Causes cohesion

Heat - ✔️✔️The amount of energy associated wit hteh movement of the atoms and
molecules in a body of matter

Temperature - ✔️✔️Measures the intensity of heat

Evaporative Cooling - ✔️✔️Occurs when a substance evaporates and the surface of
the liquid remaining behind cools down. Ex; sweating

Aqueous Solution - ✔️✔️When water is the solvent

Hydrophilic - ✔️✔️Likes and will dissolve in water

Polar Covalent bonds - ✔️✔️Hydrophilic, will dissolve in water

Hydrophobic - ✔️✔️water fearing, does not dissolve in water, nonpolar molecules like
OILS

Organic Compounds - ✔️✔️Crabon-based molecules

Carbon - ✔️✔️Element, life's Building Blocks. Four valence electrons. Looking for four
bonds. Can form nonpolar or polar bonds

Hydrocarbons - ✔️✔️The simplest organic compounds. Contain only carbon and
hydrogen atoms.

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