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Summary NCE Exam Detailed Cheat Sheet

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NCE Exam Detailed Cheat Sheet

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  • October 18, 2024
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NCE Exam Detailed Cheat Sheet

1. Human Development
Developmental Stages:

1. Infancy (0-2 years):

Rapid physical growth, development of motor skills

Object permanence, stranger anxiety

Attachment formation

2. Early Childhood (2-6 years):

Improved language skills, egocentric thinking

Development of self-concept, gender identity

Imaginative play, magical thinking

3. Middle Childhood (6-11 years):

Concrete operational thinking, conservation

Peer relationships become important

Development of self-esteem, moral reasoning

4. Adolescence (12-18 years):

Puberty, physical and hormonal changes

Identity formation, increased autonomy

Abstract thinking, idealism

5. Early Adulthood (18-40 years):

Career and relationship establishment

Intimacy vs. isolation (Erikson)

Peak physical condition

6. Middle Adulthood (40-65 years):

Generativity vs. stagnation (Erikson)

Potential midlife crisis, re-evaluation of goals

Gradual physical decline

7. Late Adulthood (65+ years):

Retirement, role changes

Integrity vs. despair (Erikson)

Coping with loss, life review

, Key Developmental Theories:

1. Erikson's Psychosocial Stages:

Trust vs. Mistrust (0-18 months)

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (18 months-3 years)

Initiative vs. Guilt (3-5 years)

Industry vs. Inferiority (5-12 years)

Identity vs. Role Confusion (12-18 years)

Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young adulthood)

Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle adulthood)

Integrity vs. Despair (Late adulthood)

2. Piaget's Cognitive Stages:

Sensorimotor (0-2 years): Object permanence, goal-directed behavior

Preoperational (2-7 years): Symbolic thought, egocentrism

Concrete Operational (7-11 years): Logical thinking about concrete objects

Formal Operational (11+ years): Abstract reasoning, hypothetical thinking

3. Freud's Psychosexual Stages:

Oral (0-1 year): Pleasure from mouth

Anal (1-3 years): Toilet training, control

Phallic (3-6 years): Oedipus/Electra complex

Latency (6-puberty): Dormant sexual feelings

Genital (puberty onward): Mature sexuality

4. Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory:

Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

Scaffolding

Social interaction crucial for cognitive development

Cognitive & Emotional Development:

Executive functions develop throughout childhood and adolescence

Theory of mind emerges around age 4-5

Emotional regulation skills improve with age

Moral reasoning progresses from preconventional to conventional to postconventional
(Kohlberg)

Family Development:

Family Systems Theory: Views family as interconnected system

Family Life Cycle: Stages from couple formation to retirement

Parenting Styles (Baumrind): Authoritative, Authoritarian, Permissive, Neglectful

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