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ISP 203B Exam 1 Questions With Solutions
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ISP 203B Exam 1 Questions With Solutions The Scientific Method A method commonly used by scientists to solve problems. They analyze facts and observations, formulate hypotheses, and test the validity of the hypotheses with experiments and additional observations Predictions If a theory (of hy...

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  • October 19, 2024
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ISP 203B Exam 1 Questions With Solutions

The Scientific Method A method commonly used by scientists to solve problems. They

analyze facts and observations, formulate hypotheses, and test the validity of the hypotheses with

experiments and additional observations




Predictions If a theory (of hypothesis) is true, then _____ should happen




Theories Tested explanations (by multiple scientists) of data or relationships (why things

work). All theories must be falsifiable if new data arises.




Laws Generalization of patterns (usually very specific relationships) in nature (may have

conditions)




Hypothesis Something that looks like it might explain the data from which predictions can

be made and tested




Boundary Conditions The conditions under which the event occurred or the experiment is

conducted. (What's the temperature and pressure? What scale are we looking at?)

-Different boundary conditions can cause different results

, ISP 203B Exam 1 Questions With Solutions

Precision The measure of repeatability or reproducibility


-Often based of the significant figures that are repeatable




Accuracy How close to "true" you are


-Computers calculate things precisely but may not be accurate




System Any part of the universe that can be distinguished for the purpose of observing

changes




Multivariate System A system (part of the Earth) that has many variables - that is unlike a

chemistry experiment where you control exactly what goes in, most earth systems have

numerous inputs and outputs, and most of the time you have no way to control them or even

know what they are.




Isolated (Insulated) System Transfers no mass or energy.


Not common




Closed System Transfers energy but no mass

, ISP 203B Exam 1 Questions With Solutions
Earth is for the most part




Open System Transfers both energy and mass




Earth's System -The Earth as a whole is a closed system (more or less - yes gas leaks out

and dust comes in) with respect to matter

-Open system with respect to energy

-Almost any part of the Earth that we study is an open system (both to energy and matter)




Earth Subdivisions The Earth is subdivided by spheres/systems (Geosphere, atmosphere,

hydrosphere, biosphere) and layers.




Atmosphere Based on temperature gradient


1. Troposphere*: Heated by re-radiation from below; clouds, water vapor, weather mostly

happens here

2. Tropopause

3. Stratosphere

4. Stratopause

5. Mesosphere: Not much here

, ISP 203B Exam 1 Questions With Solutions
6. Mesopause

7. Thermosphere




Hydrosphere Subdivisions based on whether fresh or salt water, where it is, and what form

it's in

-Oceans (salt)

-Rivers/Lakes

-Groundwater

-Glaciers




Solid Earth - Seismic/Chemical Core, mantle, crust


Subdivisions based on the speed at which earthquake waves travel and (presumably) chemical

composition




Core Iron and nickel


Liquid outer and solid inner

Very dense

Temperatures of -6000 degrees Celsius

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